OCR (A) A Level History: Civil Rights in the USA 1865-1992

How many slaves were freed as a result of the 1862 13th Amendment?

4 million

What is the name of the system where white land owners allowed blacks to work their land in return for a share of the profit?

Sharecropping

What did the 1868 14th Amendment guarantee?

'Equal protection of the laws'

Which Act put Federal troops in the South?

1867 Military Reconstruction Act

What did the 15th amendment guarantee?

African American men the right to vote

In what years were the first Civil Rights Acts passed?

1866 and 1875

What did the Hayes-Tilden Election Compromise of 1877 do?

Remove Federal troops from the South

When was the 1875 Civil Rights Act repealed?

1883

What did Theodore Roosevelt do in 1901 which helped raise the profile of the African American issue?

Invite Booker T. Washington to the White House

Which President segregated Federal Offices

and the Army, lowered pay for African Americans, and made interracial marriage illegal in Washington DC?

Woodrow Wilson

What did Roosevelt's 1941 Executive Order 8802 do?

Create the Fair Employment Practices Commission

What year was Truman's To Secure These Rights published?

1946

Which President outlawed discrimination in Washington DC schools, intervened at Little Rock and overruled racist Governor Faubus, pushed for the 1957 Civil Rights Act and appointed Earl Warren to the Supreme Court - albeit reluctantly?

Eisenhower

What did Nixon's Executive Order 11246 do?

Affirmative Action

Under which President were the Civil Rights, Voting Rights and Higher Education Acts passed?

L. B. Johnson

Who led the Reconstruction Congress?

Thaddeus Stephens and Charles Sumner

How many African American Senators were elected under President Andrew Johnson?

22

How many African American Congressmen were there during the Progressive Era?

15

In what year did Congress make MLK's birthday a national holiday?

1983

What Act did Congress refuse to pass after 3 summers of riots in 1968?

The Fair Housing Act

What Act was renewed by Congress in 1982?

The Voting Rights Act

Slaughterhouse Case 1873

Ruled that federal protection of civil rights did not extend to the property rights of businessmen

USA vs. Cruikshank 1876

Ruled that the rights they were alleged to have violated were not enforceable in this case

USA vs. Harris 1883

Ruled it was unconstitutional for the Federal Government to penalize crimes such as assault and murder - this was the right of an individual State

Plessey vs. Ferguson 1896

Ruled that segregation was legal if facilities were equal - 'Separate but Equal'

Wilkins vs. Mississippi 1898

Ruled that defended African American voting restrictions as constitutional

Buchanan vs. Warley 1917

Ruled that it was unconstitutional to separate people by colour on the streets where they lived

In what year did the Supreme Court step in to stop 12 African Americans face the death penalty on the basis that the trial had been dominated by mob rule?

1923

Brown vs. Topeka Board of Education 1954

The Supreme Court reversed the decision of "Plessey vs. Ferguson" and ruled that school segregation must end

Brown II 1955

Ruled that desegregation would move forward "with all deliberate speed"

USA vs. Heart of Atlanta Motel 1964

Ruled that forced hotels to accept African American guests

USA vs. Mississippi 1965

Overturned a Mississippi Law that discriminated against African American Voter Registration

Shuttlesworth vs. Birmingham 1969

Ruled that Alabama could not ban parades

Green vs. Connally 1970

Ruled that Federal funding will be withdrawn if Higher Education Institutions were discriminatory

Griggs vs. Duke Power Company 1971

Ruled that African Americans would be protected from hidden discrimination

Swann vs. Mecklenburg 1971

Ruled that it was correct to integrate schools = Bussing

Milliken vs. Bradley 1974

Ruled that Busing could only happen if there was a proved need

University of California vs. Bakke 1978

Ruled that that a white student had been unfairly discriminated against when he was refused a place

Grove City vs. Bell 1984

Ruled that organisations which received Federal funding only have to obey Civil Rights rules in the area in which they receive the funding for

In what years did Booker T. Washington open the Tuskegee Institute and do his Atlanta Compromise Speech?

1881 and 1895

How much money was Booker T. Washington given by millionaire industrialist and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie?

$600,000

Which female Civil Rights activist spoke out against lynching and the Southern Rape Myth?

Ida B. Wells

Which Civil Rights leader founded UNIA in 1912 and was a pioneer of the 'Back to Africa' Movement?

Marcus Garvey

Which Civil Rights activist was the main lobbyist behind the FEPC and negotiated the Double V march?

Philip Randolph

Whose actions led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott of 1955-56?

Rosa Parks

Who was a key member of the NAACP and the first African American Judge to be appointed to the Supreme Court?

Thurgood Marshall

Which Civil Rights leader set up PUSH in 1971 and unsuccessfully ran for President twice - once on 1984 and again in 1988?

Jesse Jackson

What percentage of the vote did Jesse Jackson win in 1988?

21%

How many members did the Niagara Movement have by 1906, only to collapse two years later?

170 members in 34 States

How many members did the NAACP have by 1919?

90,000 members and 300 branches

Which newspaper had a circulation of 500,000 but had stopped being published by 1903?

Negro World (UNIA)

How many members did UNIA have by 1919?

2 million members and 30 branches

How many people attended the first international convention of UNIA in New York in 1920?

25,000 people attended a 10-mile-long parade

How many people attended the Nation of Islam's 1955 Million Man March?

850,000

In what year did Elijah Muhammed open a $2 million mosque and school in Chicago?

1972

How many members did the Nation of Islam have by 1969?

250,000

How many people attended the 1963 March on Washington?

250,000

Who was elected as leader of the SNCC in 1966, which led to the organisation becoming more radical and anti-white?

Stokely Carmichael

Which events, led by CORE, led to Kennedy's Kennedy's Interstate Commerce Commission to desegregate interstate transport?

Freedom Rides

How many people took part in the NAACP's 1917 Silent March?

10,000

Malcolm X was responsible for the growth of the NOI from just ... in 1952 to ... in 1960.

400 to 40,000

Which Governor opposed the desegregation of schools in Little Rock, Arkansas in 1957?

Governor Orval Faubus

Which Governor opposed the Selma-Montgomery March in 1965?

Governor George Wallace

Which Governor of Mississippi promised to protect Whites as part of his 1916 election campaign?

Governor Theodore Bilbo

Which Governor of Georgia was opposed to school integration?

Governor Eugene Talmadge

Which State made it unlawful to serve food to blacks and whites in the same room, for blacks and whites to play cards, dice or dominoes in 1951 and in 1956, banned the NAACP?

Alabama

In what year did the Georgia Congress banned any athletics races/activities involving both black and white athletes, including dancing?

1957

Which State Judge stopped the Selma-Montgomery March from happening twice?

Judge Mair

Which racist police chief used electric cattle rods and water cannons on protesters in Birmingham, Alabama?

'Bull' O'Connor

In the early 1960s, what percentage of black ghetto pupils completed high school, in comparison to 56% of white children?

32%

By 1960, what percentage of blacks were unemployed, compared to just 6% of whites?

12%

By 1962, what percentage of the long-term unemployed (over 15 weeks) in the US were black?

46%

In some city districts, such as Chicago, what was the percentage of black youth unemployment

50-70%

When and where was the KKK formed?

1865, Tennessee

How many members did the KKK have in 1921, 1924 and 1930?

1921 = 100,000

1924 = 4 million

1930 = 30,000

In what year were the 3 SNCC members killed, and 4 13 and 14-year-old African American girls killed by the KKK in Mississippi?

1963

In 1981, a KKK member was prosecuted for a murder he committed how many years previously?

16

How many RECORDED lynchings were there between 1885-1914?

2,700

In what year was Civil Rights leader Medgar Evers murdered?

1962

The number of African Americans in public office increased from ... in 1964 to ... in 1992?

100 to 8000

How many lynchings were there in Louisiana alone in the lead up to the 1868 Presidential election?

2000

By 1915, how many blacks owned businesses in the South?

30,000

By 1910, how many Southern States had introduced a poll tax?

All of them

In Mississippi, 130,344 African Americans registered to vote in 1896, but by 1900, how many remained?.

5,320

Literacy among blacks improved from 1 in 20 in 1865 to what in 1895?

1 in 2

In the decade 1910-1920, 50 new black newspapers were introduced, bringing the total up to how many?

500

The black population of Harlem and Chicago rose to how many by 1911?

Harlem = 200,000

Chicago = 5,000

The black population of Detroit and Cleveland rose by how much by 1911?

Detroit = 611%

Cleveland = 307%.

During WW1, how many blacks moved to Northern cities to replace white workers?

1.5 million

During WW1, what percentage of blacks were killed compared to whites?

Blacks = 14.4%

Whites = 6.3%

How many African Americans were appointed to public office under F. D. Roosevelt and what did they form?

45

The 'Black Cabinet'

How many Supreme Court Judges were appointed by F. D. Roosevelt?

8, 7 of which were united in ending segregation

In 1936, what percentage of African American voters voted for Roosevelt?

77%

At no point during the 1930s did the Democrat hold of both chambers fall below what percentage?

40%

How many African Americans did the Civilian Conservation Corps employ?

350,000

Grants of how much were given to build homes, schools and hospitals for African Americans?

$45 million

African Americans filled what percentage of jobs created by the WPA?

30%

The Farm Security Administration helped how many African American tenant farmers and sharecroppers buy their own land and farms?

50,000

Who required that African American skilled craftsmen would make up a certain % of the PWA?

Harold Ickes

Why did many poor sharecroppers did not benefit from the Agricultural Adjustment Acts?

Money was paid directly to white land owners not to black tenants