assessment #1: comm disorders

explain the difference between speech and language

speech:

• articulation

• phonology

• motor-speech

• fluency

• voice

• dysphagia

• oral motor

language:

• semantics

• morphology

• syntax

• pragmatics

explain the difference between incidence & prevalence

• incidence: # of new cases

• prevalence: # of total existing cases during particular time interval

what percentage of the population will have some type of communication disorder at any given time?

10%

etiology

the cause, set of causes, or origin of a disease or condition

helps us understand the why

sympathy vs empathy vs compassion

• sympathy: i care about your suffering

• empathy: i try to understand your suffering

• compassion: i relieve your suffering

IDEA

Guarantees special education and related services in public schools.

ADA

Prevents disability discrimination and ensures accessibility in public life, employment, transportation, and buildings.

NCLB and ESSA

Required extensive standardized testing and school accountability.

Public schools and students.

Annual state tests used to measure school performance.

ESSA (Every Student Succeeds Act)

Replaced NCLB; keeps standardized testing but gives states more flexibility in accountability.

rehabilitation act

short term as if you were to break your leg

explain the communication process

thought → encode → select channel → program → send → receive → decode → react

types of energy transmission

• acoustic

• mechanic

• hydraulic

• electrochemical

suprasegmentals

prosody: rhythm, stress, intonation, and syllable length

pitch: quality, loudness, and resonance

rate of speech

nonverbals

• kinesics: eye contact and posture

• proxemics: proximity from someone

• haptics: touch

• chronemics: culturally mediated

theory of mind

others have their own perception tha tmay be different than yours

Semantics

• literal meaning of words, phrases, and sentences

  • Focuses on what language means independent of context

  • Example: the actual meaning of "The cat is on the mat"

pragmatics

• Pragmatics = meaning in context

  • Focuses on speaker intent, social rules, and situation

  • Example: "Can you pass the salt?" is pragmatically a request, not just a question about ability

smallest unit of meaning

morpheme

Dysgraphia

• Difficulty with writing

• May affect handwriting, spelling, and written expression

• Dysphasia / Aphasia

• Language disorder

• Difficulty understanding and/or producing language

• Can affect speaking, listening, reading, and writing

Dysarthria

• Motor speech disorder

• Speech may sound slurred or unclear due to muscle weakness or impaired movement

Dysphonia

• Voice disorder

• Voice may sound hoarse, breathy, strained, rough, or weak

Aphonia

• Complete loss of voice

Dysphagia

• Swallowing disorder

• Difficulty swallowing food, liquids, or saliva

Cognitive disorders:

problems with attention, perception of stimuli, organization, and categorization of information, memory. Reasoning, judgement, and problem solving