Microbiology Chapter 2 Exam 1

Chem review

What are the three subatomic particles and locations?

• protons (+): nucleus

• neutron (0): nucleus

• electrons (-): election shell

What are the three types of bonds?

1.) Covalent Bonds

2.) Ionic bonds:

3.) Hydrogen bonds:

What happen in covalent bonds?

• electrons are shared

Electrons that are transferred is called?

Ionic bonds

Hydrogen bonds

• weak attraction that include hydrogen atoms

What is a synthesis reaction?

• Small molecules combine to form larger molecules

What kind of reaction is when large molecules break into smaller molecules

Decomposition

Exchange reaction

• When reactants trade components and create a new product

Oxidation is?

• Oxidation is loss of electrons!

Reduction is?

• Gain of electrons

What makes a solution acidic?

• More H+ bonds than OH-

• PH less than 7

What makes a solution basic

• More OH- than H+

• pH higher than 7

What element forms the basis of organic compounds?

• Carbon!!

• Carbon!!

• Carbon!!

A molecule attached to an organic compound that gives it unique chemical properties and reaction is?

A functional group

What are the four macromolecules

1.) Lipids

2.) Carbohydrates

3.) Proteins

4.) Nucleic acid

Carbohydrates

Monomer: Monosaccharide (Glucose)

Functions:

• Energy

• Cell Structure

• Adhesion

• Biofilm formation

Lipids

Monomer: Fatty acids

Functions:

• Energy storage

• Cell membranes

Proteins

Monomer: Amino Acids

Functions:

• Enzymes

• Transport

• Defense

• Movement

• Structure

Nucleic Acids

Monomers:

• Nucleotides

Functions:

• Store genetic information

• Direct protein synthesis

What is dehydration synthesis?

• Builds polymers from monomers by removing water

What is Hydrolysis

• Breaks down polymers into monomers by adding water

Saturated vs Unsaturated fatty Acids

Saturated:

• Solid at room temp

• animal fat

• no double bonds

Unsaturated:

• liquid at room temp

• Plant Oils

• Double bonds present

What kind of bonds are found in proteins

• Peptide bond

What is ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

Function:

• Main energy-transfer molecule of the cell

• Stores and transfer energy for cellular processes