Mathematics Topic Test: Linear Relationships, Earning Money, Managing Money, Time & Location

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering key financial mathematics, linear modeling, and time/location concepts for the upcoming Topic Test on June 10, 2026.

Interpolation

The process of estimating values that fall between known data points in a graph or table.

Extrapolation

The process of predicting values that lie beyond the range of known data points.

Gradient

The slope of a line, represented by $m$ in the linear equation $y = mx + b$.

y-intercept

The point where a straight line crosses the vertical axis, represented by $b$ in the linear equation $y = mx + b$.

Wage

Income typically calculated on an hourly or weekly basis.

Salary

A fixed annual amount of money paid to an employee, regardless of the specific hours worked.

Commission

A type of income based on a percentage of the sales an individual makes.

Piecework

A payment system where workers are paid a fixed rate for every unit produced or task completed.

Overtime

Pay received for working extra hours, often calculated at higher rates such as time-and-a-half or double time.

Gross Pay

The total amount of money earned by an employee before any deductions like tax are taken out.

Net Pay

The amount received after deductions are subtracted from the total earnings, calculated as $\text{Net pay} = \text{gross pay} - \text{deductions}$.

PAYG

Stands for 'Pay As You Go,' a taxation system where tax is withheld from an employee's earnings by the employer.

Fixed Expenses

Costs in a budget that remain constant and do not change regardless of usage, such as rent.

Variable Expenses

Budgeted costs that fluctuate over time, such as groceries or electricity bills.

GST

Goods and Services Tax, which is a calculation of $10\%$ added to the cost of goods and services.

Mark-up

An amount added to the cost price of an item to determine its selling price and ensure a profit.

Map Scale

The ratio used on a map to represent the relationship between a distance on the map and the actual distance on the ground.

Distance Formula

The mathematical relationship where $\text{Distance} = \text{speed} \times \text{time}$.