History unit 4 test

Did Henry the navigator actually go on a voyage?

Never actually went on a voyage himself. He was called the navigator because he sponsored expeditions and est. a navigation school

What did Henry the Navigator start the first of?

He started the first European school for navigation, to train mapmakers, and navigators.

Why were Henry the Navigators sailors so scared to travel around Cape Bojador?

Because they believed that a monster lurked in the water, because it (the water) was so hot. It took them 15 attempts to actually travel around it.

What was Vasco De Gama the first European to do?

To reach India by sea (1498), opening up lucrative spice trade

Why is De Gama considered not a nice person?

Because he once locked 500 Muslims on a ship and burned them alive.

How long did Vasco De Gama’s voyage take?

It took almost 2 years but it was SO profitable that it paid itself over 60 times over.

What voyager lost half of his crew to scurvy?

Vasco De Gama

What year did Columbus discover America?

1492

How many trips did olumbus make to the new world?

4

Who did Henry the 8th want to find the Northwest passage to Asia?

John Cabot

Who sailed for Spain but was really Italian?

John Cabot

Who dissappered on their second voyage and never was seen again?

John Cabot

John Cabots voyages gave England the ability to claim what land?

The Americas

Who was the Americas named after?

Amerigo Vespucci

Who was the first to realize that South America was a new landmass or “New World”, not apart of Asia

Amerigo Vespucci

Who wrote letters about their voyages that became best sellers in England?

Amerigo Vespucci

Who was the first European to see the Pacific Ocean from the Americas?

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

Who got the the New World by hiding in a barrel as a stowaway?

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

What was Vasco Nunez de Bolboa’s famous dogs name?

Leoncico (little lion)

Who gets full credit for being the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe?

Ferdinand Magellan

The strait of the tip of South America is named after him

The strait of Magellan

Who became the first Spanish explorer to land on the mainland of North America?

Ponce de Leon

Why is Ponce de Leon SO famous?

Because he randomly starting searching for the “Fountain of Youth”

Who named Florida? And what is its meaning?

Ponce de Leon named Florida and it means “Flowery”

Who was the first Spanish explorer to set foot in the United States?

Ponce de Leon

How did Ponce de Leon die?

By getting shot with an arrow

What was Ponce de Leon beofre exploring Florida?

Governor of Puerto Rico

Hernan Cortes conquered what group of people?

The mighty Aztecs

What did Hernan Cortes that lead his crew unable to surrender?

He burned their ships, it was either conqueror or die.

What disease killed more Aztecs than Spanish weapons?

Smallpox

What was the unfortunate reality of Hernan Cortes’s death?

He died poor, and bitter, after being largely forgotten

Who was the first explorer to cross the Mississippi River?

Hernando de Soto

Hernando de Soto brought what animal to the new world for the first time?

Horses

Whos exploration brought the most diseases to the new world?

Hernando de Soto

Francisco Vazquez de Coronado searched for this city?

The Seven Cities of Gold

What was Francisco Vazquez de Coronado the first to see? And how did his mean react?

The grand Canyon, and his men were very NOT impresses, they just wanted gold.

Who returned to Spain a disgrace because he did NOT find gold

Francisco Vazquez de Coronado

Who conquered the Inca Empire with only 168 men?

Francisco Pizarro

Which Spanish explorer was illiterate?

Francisco Pizarro

Which explorer was killed by rivals, and in his own palace?

Francisco Pizarro

Jacques Cartier was sent by the King of France to find what?

The Northwest Passage

Who explored the Saint Lewis River?

Jacques Cartier

Who claimed Canada for France?

Jacques Cartier

Which explorer discovered the Hudson river and Hudson Bay?

Henry Hudson

Henry made how many attempts to find the Northwest passage?

4

His crew mutinied on his final voyage and set him, his son, and seven loyal crew members adrift in a small boat in Hudson bay

Henry Hudson

What was one of explorations saddest endings?

Henry Hudson

New York was once called….

New Amsterdam

Henry the Navigator

Portuguese sponsor of voyages who founded a navigation school and never sailed.

Vasco da Gama

First European to reach India by sea from Europe in $1498$.

Christopher Columbus

Italian explorer sailing for Spain who sailed the ocean blue in $1492$.

John Cabot

Italian sailing for England who reached Newfoundland in $1497$.

Amerigo Vespucci

Explorer who recognized South America as a new landmass and after whom America is named.

Vasco Núñez de Balboa

First European to see the Pacific from the Americas in $1513$.

Ferdinand Magellan

Explorer who led the first circumnavigation of the world and died in the Philippines.

Ponce de León

Explorer who named Florida and sought the Fountain of Youth.

Hernán Cortés

Spanish leader who conquered the Aztecs, met Moctezuma, and burned his ships.

Hernando de Soto

First European to cross the Mississippi River.

Francisco Vázquez de Coronado

Explorer who searched for Cíbola and saw the Grand Canyon.

Creole

Spanish people born in the colonies whose parents were both born in Spain.

Peninsulare

A Spanish citizen living in a colony but born in Spain on the Iberian Peninsula.

Mestizo

A colony-born person with one Spanish parent and one Native American parent.

Colony

A new-territory settlement linked to its parent country by trade and direct government control.

Conquistador

A leader in the Spanish conquest of the Americas, meaning conqueror.

Columbian Exchange

The Atlantic exchange of plants, animals, and diseases after $1492$.

Encomienda System

Spanish colonial system granting explorers land and the labor of people living on it.

Triangular Trade Route

The Atlantic trade network linking Europe, Africa, and colonial America.

First Leg of the Triangle

The initial route of the triangular trade where ships carried European goods to Africa to be exchanged for enslaved people.

Middle Passage

The second leg of the Atlantic trade network that brought captive Africans across the Atlantic to the Americas under horrific conditions.

Third Leg of the Triangle

The final stage of the triangular trade network which carried American products, such as sugar and tobacco, back to Europe.

Olaudah Equiano

An African captive who survived the Middle Passage and wrote about the loathsome stench, cramped hold, and shrieks and groans aboard the slave ship.

Slave Resistance

Methods through which enslaved people fought back against harsh plantation treatment, including keeping cultural traditions, practicing religion, slowing down work, destroying equipment, revolting, or escaping as runaways.

Effects of the Atlantic Slave Trade

A $400\text{-year}$ period that devastated West African societies, removed $15$ to $20\text{ million}$ Africans to the Americas, robbed Africa of future leaders, and divided communities through warfare for captives.

New England Colonies

Colonies including Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire (along with Vermont and Maine), colonized by England with an economy based on lumber and fishing.

Puritans

A religious group that settled New England seeking religious freedom, enforcing strict community rules, and seeking to remain pure in their faith.

Middle Colonies

Colonies including New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware, colonized by the Dutch and English, characterized by religious diversity, peace, and farming.

Quakers

A religious group associated with William Penn in Pennsylvania who believed that all people are equal and that diverse religious groups should live together in peace.

Breadbasket Colonies

A nickname given to the Middle Colonies because of their agricultural economy focused on wheat production.

Southern Colonies

Colonies including Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, colonized by England with economies reliant on farming and tobacco.

The Calverts

A wealthy English Catholic family, including Lord Baltimore, who established Maryland as a refuge for Catholics in the New World.