Exam 4 Psychopathology

Which disorder is characterized by marked symptoms of both schizophrenia and a mood disorder?

schizoaffective disorder

The DSM-5 requires that continuous signs of schizophrenia be present for at least __ month for a diagnosis of schizophrenia to be warranted

six

Approximately one of every __ people in the world suffers from schizophrenia during his or her lifetime

100

Inappropriate affect, the experiencing of emotions that are unsuited to a situation, is classified as __ symptom of schizophrenia

positive

A loss of contact with reality is called:

psychosis

Which disorder is associated with the presence of schizophrenia symptoms that last less than one month?

brief psychotic disorder

All of these are categories of schizophrenia symptoms EXTEMPT:

What are the most common types of delusions experienced by those with schizophrenia?

delusions of persuction

The _ theory suggests that schizophrenia causes victims to fall from a higher to a lower socioeconomic level or to remain poor because they are unable to function effectively

downward drift

Individuals with schizophrenia sometimes make up words that have meaning only for themselves. This behavior is called:

neologisms

Cruelty to animals and people, destruction of property, and truancy before the age of 15:

are characteristic of those later diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder

A person’s ___ refers to a lasting pattern of inner experience and outward behavior that affects his or her sense of self, emotional experiences, goals, capacity for empathy, and/or capacity for intimacy

personality

What is the name of the comprehensive treatment approach applied particularly in cases of borderline personality disorder and/or suicidal intent?

dialectical behavioral training

Comorbidity describes a situation in which:

two disorders occur together in an individual

What is a key assumption of the categorical approach to personality disorders?

problematic personality traits are either present or absent

Extreme emotions and the need to be the center of attention are characteristics of what kind of disorder?

histrionic disorder

The ___ approach to personality disorders assumes that personality disorders should be classified by the severity of personality traits rather than by the presence or absence of specific traits

dimensional

Emotional instability, impulsiveness, and recklessness are characteristic of what personality disorder?

borderline personality disorder

The category of odd personality disorders includes the traits of:

extreme suspiciousness, social withdrawal, and cognitive and perceptual peculiarities

How do personality disorders differ from the personality characteristics of typical people?

they lead to more maladaptive, distressful, and inflexible behaviors

What is the difference between brief psychotic disorder and schizo[hrenia?

sudden onset of psychotic symptoms (hallucinations or delusions) last less than 1 month, full return to normal functioning afterward/ long term (chronic) lasting at least 6 months, involving ongoing psychotic symptoms and significant impairment in day life

Be able to tell the diff between positive and negative symptoms. What are some examples?

added experiences/ behaviors aren’t normally present. ex: hallucinations, delusions, disorganized; loss or reduction of normal functioning. ex: flat affect, avolition, reduced speech, and social withdrawal

Which neurotransmitter is targeted with antipsychotic drugs? Which neurotransmitter is the likely culprit for the cause of schizophrenia?

-targeted by antipsychotic drugs, dopamine

-involved in causing schizophrenia: excess dopamine activity

A loss of contact with reality is known as:

psychosis

What symptom of schizophrenia is most likely to be relieved by antipsychotic drugs?

delusions

The idea that people with a genetic predisposition will develop schizophrenia only if certain kinds of events or high stress levels are experienced:

diathesis-stress relationship

Review the three categorizations of personality disorders and their subtypes

-cluster A(odd/eccentric) paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal

-cluster B(dramatic/erratic) antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissitic

-cluster C(anxious/fearful) avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Know the difference between Schizoid and Schizotypal personality disorders

-detached from social relationships, emotionally cold/flat, and little desire for social interaction

-social difficulties plus odd thoughts/behaviors, magical thinking, unusual beliefs, eccentric speech or appearance, and mild paranoia

Which 2 personality disorders are the most resistant to treatment?

-antisocial personality disorder

-narcissistic personality disorder

Emotional instability, impulsiveness, and recklessness are characteristics of what personality disorder?

borderline personality disorder

People with avoidant personality disorder have difficulty ____ relationships, whereas people with dependent personality disorder have difficulty ___ relationships

initiating; ending

According to the Big 5 theory of personality, the basic structure of personality may consist of five super traits which do NOT include:

popularity

What are the symptoms of Schizophrenia?

-positive symptoms: excesses of thought, emotion, and behavior

-negative symptoms: deficits of thought, emotion, and behavior

-psychomotor symptoms: unusual movements or gestures

Positive symptoms

are pathological excesses, or out of the ordinary, to a person’s cognition and behavior

Many people with schizophrenia develop

delusions

Formal thought disorder

disturbance in the production and organization of thought

Incongruent affect

is when the may smile when making a somber statement or upon being told terrible news, or may become upset in situations that should make them happy

Negative symptoms

poverty of speech, blunted and flat affect, loss of violation, and social withdrawal

What is the course of schizophrenia?

-late teens and mid-thirties

-phases: prodromal, active, and residual

Prodromal phase

may withdraw socially, speak in vague or seemingly odd ways, develop strange ideas, or express little emotion

Active phase

sparked by stress or trauma in the person’s life

Residual phase

-return to a prodromal like level of functioning

-blunted emotion

-have a lessening of the striking symptoms of the active phase