Unit 4 FRQ Notes

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Last updated 4:00 AM on 4/15/26
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7 Terms

1
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Describe the soil profile of a desert

Deserts have no o horizon, little bit of a horizon consisting of sand, a b horizon a bit thicker than the a horizon comprised of sand and clay, and the c horizon a bit smaller than b but a bit bigger than a comprised of coarse sand

2
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Describe the soil profile of a prairie

a prairie has a thin o horizon layer made of humus with a thick a horizon layer made of humus, sand, and clay and a b horizon made of sand and a c horizon made of coarse sand

3
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Describe the soil profile of a temperate rain forest

has a small layer of humus in the o horizon, a thicker a horizion layer of humus, sand, and clay, a b horizion layer of clay, and a c horizon layer of sand

4
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in order from greatest bulk density to least greatest, list clay sand and humus

humus, clay, sand

5
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What is a watershed?

An area of land that catches rain and snowmelt, channeling all drainage, via surface streams, rivers, and underground, an groundwater, to a common outlet, such as a lake, river, bay, or ocean.

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Why are watersheds useful?

They act as natural systems that collect, filter, and store water, providing essential drinking water, supporting habitats for wildlife, and preventing flooding.

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What are the components of a watershed?

  • Divide (drainage divide)
    The high-elevation boundary (ridges or hills) that separates one watershed from another. Water on each side flows into different systems.

  • Tributaries
    Smaller streams or rivers that flow into a larger river.

  • Main stream / main channel
    The primary river that carries water out of the watershed.

  • Headwaters (source area)
    The beginning of a stream or river, usually in higher elevation areas.

  • Floodplain
    The flat area next to a river that can flood when water levels rise.

  • Groundwater recharge zone
    Areas where water infiltrates into the soil and refills aquifers.

  • Outlet (mouth)
    Where the river empties into a larger body of water (lake, ocean, etc.).

  • Surface runoff area
    Land where water flows over the ground into streams after rain or snowmelt

<ul><li><p><strong>Divide (drainage divide)</strong><br>The high-elevation boundary (ridges or hills) that separates one watershed from another. Water on each side flows into different systems.</p></li><li><p><strong>Tributaries</strong><br>Smaller streams or rivers that flow into a larger river.</p></li><li><p><strong>Main stream / main channel</strong><br>The primary river that carries water out of the watershed.</p></li><li><p><strong>Headwaters (source area)</strong><br>The beginning of a stream or river, usually in higher elevation areas.</p></li><li><p><strong>Floodplain</strong><br>The flat area next to a river that can flood when water levels rise.</p></li><li><p><strong>Groundwater recharge zone</strong><br>Areas where water infiltrates into the soil and refills aquifers.</p></li><li><p><strong>Outlet (mouth)</strong><br>Where the river empties into a larger body of water (lake, ocean, etc.).</p></li><li><p><strong>Surface runoff area</strong><br>Land where water flows over the ground into streams after rain or snowmelt</p></li></ul><p></p>