South Asia

What was the common language in early South Asia?

San Skirt

What were the songs that showed stories called?

Rig Veda

Rig Veda

What gave insight in religion and society?

Varna

What were the four social groups called?

Caste System

What was the rigid social and religious hierarchy called?

Rig Veda

What was the oldest Hindu text?

Rig Veda

What consists of hymns, prayers, and speculations

Rig Veda

What tells the stories of Indo-Aryan gods and goddesses?

Epics

What is the Mahabharata, Bhagavata Gita, and Ramayana called?

Mahabharata

What describes a long feud between two clans in more than 100,000 verses?

Bhagavad Gita

What is the story of the battle between two armies and introduced dharma?

Ramayana

What is the tale of the great King Rama?

Upanishad

What challenged the old order, introduced new ideas and gods, and introduced the idea of reincarnation?

Both, most believe in one god, but Vedas and hymns describe multiple Gods.

Was Hinduism polytheistic or monotheistic?

Brahma

“The creator” created everything including other Gods

Vishnu

“The Preserver” balance of good and evil (Dharma)

Shiva

“The destroyer” purifier; change in the form of death

Brahman

Universal spirit; created universe and exists in everything

Atman

Universal soul/self; each living body has an essential, imperfect soul

Samsara

Idea of being reborn until you reach purity

Moksha

Changeless bliss, unifies with Brahman; the release from Dharma

Karma

Sum of good and bad actions; ones rebirth is determined by Dharma

Dharma

The way of righteous conduct in life

Caste System

Rigid hierarchy dictated the kind of work people could do; based off of purity

Siddhartha Gautama

Origin or Buddhism; The Buddha

Dharma and Karma

Hindu beliefs maintained by Buddhism

Tripitaka (Three Baskets)

Original teachings of the Buddha as recorded by early followers

Nirvana

State of being freed from suffering

Noble Truth of Suffering - suffering is universal

What is the first noble truth

Noble Truth of the Cause of Suffering- desire is the cause

What is the second noble truth?

Noble Truth of the end of Suffering- no longer clings to desires; not controlled by desires

What is the third noble truth?

Noble Truth of the Path- changing one’s behavior no longer ruled by desires; eightfold path

What is the fourth noble truth?

Wisdom, Ethnics, Meditation

What are the three eightfold path catagories

Right view or understanding, Right thought/intention

What are the two eight folds in Wisdom

Right speech, right action, right work/livelihood

What are the three eight folds in Ethnics

Right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration

What are the three eight folds in meditation

Aryans settled villages and tribal states(16 kingdoms) in north; ununified

Describe the state of South Asia in 1500 - 500 BCE

Maurya Empire; first great empire - ruler was Buddhist King, Asoka; empire weakened after his rule

Describe the state of South Asia in 500 - 200 BCE

Various kingdoms frequently at war

Describe the state of South Asia in 200 BCE - 200 CE

Golden age of Islam + various small Kingdoms = Islam expanded

Describe the state of South Asia in 200 - 500 CE

Muslim states in North; became Hindu vs. Muslim; Caste System became more complex

Describe the state of South Asia in 900 - 1200 CE

Regional kingdoms - mix of Muslim and Hindu kingdoms

Describe the state of South Asia in 1200 - 1500 CE

Mughal Empire; Tolerance for Hindus and Muslims; Sikhism began

Describe the state of South Asia in 1500 - 1600 CE

Mughal Empire starts crumbling

Describe the state of South Asia in the 1700s

Several Kingdoms; European trading companies compete to control ports; British East India company gains huge chunks of territory

Describe the state of South Asia in the 1600s - 1800s

British East India company dominated most of Sub-continent

Describe the state of South Asia in the 1800s

Industrialization, Open to trade backfired, Imperialistic mindset, Stopping India from industrializing, sepoy rebellion

Reasons for India becoming British colony (5)

reject foreign rule - demanded independence

Primary goal of nationalist

Made up of Elite Hindus, Gandhi took over leadership in 1920, pushed for self government

What was the Indian National Congress (INC)

Muhammad Ali Jinnah took over leadership, pushed for two separate independent nations

Describe the Muslim League

millions served British in WWI expecting say in government didn’t get it → increased Indian nationalism

Why did nationalism grow after WWI

Gandhi and Nehru

Who were two important leaders in INC

Dressed poor→ brought together poor and wealthy = unity

What was different about Gandhi compared to other INC members

Jinnah; Rowlett Act

Who hosted meeting? In response to?

harsh laws that were enforced in mar 1919

What was the Rowlett Act

gather together and prater and fast- peaceful strike

What was the response for the Rowlett Act?

Civil disobedience

Deliberately disobey because unjust

Allowed British to shoot into crowd for gathering, causing the Amritsar Massacre

What did the Rowlett Acts allow British to do? What happened?

Non-violent, non-cooperation acts

What were Indians response to Amritsar massacre

Gandhi embarked on 240 mile walk to the shore of Arabian Sea where he made salt

Describe the Salt March

Quit India movement

What was the Indians plan during WWII called

Indians refuse to help British, 100,000+ were arrested by British; Britain financially depleted → India was freed

Describe Quit India movement