CLIPAR LEC CILIATES AND FLAGELLATES

Balantidium coli

Balantidiasis

Pigs

Normal host of Balantidium coli

Cytostome

an oral apparatus at the tapered anterior end, through which B. coli acquires food

Cytopyge

What B. coli uses to excrete wastes

Bean-shaped, vegetative

Macronucleus of B. coli

Dot-like, reproductive

Micronucleus of B. coli

Mucocysts

B. coli's extrusive organelles located beneath the cell membrane

Covered with thick cell wall

Cyst of B. coli

Cyst

IS of B. coli

Rounded base and wide neck

Ulcer characteristic of B. coli

Hyaluronidase

Ulceration is caused by the lytic enzyme:

Diarrhea with blood and mucoid stools

Signs and symptoms of Balantidial dysentery

Salmonella

What bacteria aggravate balantidiasis by invading the ulcers caused by B. coli?

Fulminant balantidiasis

usually involved with immunocompromised and malnourished states

Chronic balantidiasis

diarrhea may alternate with constipation

Intestinal perforation
Acute appendicitis

2 complications of balantidiasis

Duodenum
Jejunum
Upper ileum

Where does Giardia lamblia usually live? (3) DJU

Duodenum

G. lamblia cysts excyst where?

Jejunum

G. lamblia troph are found where?

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

discovered Giardia lamblia in his own stools

Lambl

described G. lamblia in 1859 as Cercomonas intestinalis

Stiles

renamed G. lamblia in 1915

Tear-drop shaped

Trophozoite of G. lamblia

Binucleated flagellated trophozoites
Quadrinucleated infective cyst

2 simple asexual cycle of G. lamblia

Axostyle

the axial rod functioning as a support in flagellates

bilaterally symmetrical with a distinct medial line

Floating leaf-like motility or corkscrew motility

Motility of G. lamblia troph

Old man's face with eyeglasses

Characteristic appearance of G. lamblia troph

Variant-specific surface protein (VSP)

allows the G. lamblia to resist intestinal proteinases to survive in the small intestine

4 pairs

how many flagella does G. lamblia troph have?

2 nuclei

How many nuclei do young cysts of G. lamblia have?

4 nulcei

How many nuclei do mature cysts of G. lamblia have?

Flagella retracted into axonemes

Cyst characteristic of G. lamblia

10 cysts

infective dose of giardiasis

Mechanical irritation

attachment of troph via adhesive disc located on its ventral side leads to:

alter mucosal intestinal cells

Ability of G. lamblia to cause disease can be traced to its ability to:

Lectin

also facilitates attachment of G. lamblia troph to intestinal mucosa

Rearrangement of cytoskeleton

Enterocyte apoptosis is due to:

Rotten egg odor

Odor of the fart of the patient infected with G. lamblia

Steatorrhea

greasy stools caused by Chronic infection of G. lamblia

Entero-test

String test.
Giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis, microsporidiosis,
Eating a capsule attached to a string and recovering.

Direct Fluorescent Antibody Assays

Gold standard for detecting G. lamblia infection

Trichomonas vaginalis

The most prevalent nonviral sexually transmitted infection

Trophozoite stage

Trichomonas vaginalis only exists in what stage?

Pyriform shape with 4 free anterior flagella and 1 flagella in the undulating membrane, making it 5 flagella

Trophozoite of Trichomonas vaginalis

1

How many nucleus does T. vaginalis have?

Sexual intercourse

MOT for T. vaginalis

Undulating membrane

5th flagellum in T. vaginalis

Strawberry cervix

Trichomonas vaginalis leads to punctuate hemorrhages of the cervix also known as:

Saline preparation of vaginal fluid

Quickest and most inexpensive way to diagnose trichomoniasis

Culture

Golden standard for detecting trichimoniasis

Pap smear

Smear to test for T. vaginalis

Intestine

Habitat of Trichomonas hominis

Oral cavity

Habitat of Trichomonas tenax

Trichomonas tenax, Trichomonas hominis, Trichomonas vaginalis

3 Trichomonas species in order from smallest to largest

Trichomonas tenax

Of the 3 Trichmonas species, only this species does not have an ovoidal nucleus but it is rounded

Trichomonas vaginalis

Siderophil granules

Oral scrapings

Specimen for T. tenax

Stool

Specimen for T. hominis

Lemon-shaped

Cyst of Chilomastix mesnili

Pear-shaped, has protrusion at end

Trophozoite of C. mesnili

Boring and spiral forward movement

Motility of Chilomastrix mesnili