RNW 11 - Writing an Outline

2ND SEM FINAL TERM

Outline

it is a summary that gives the essential features of a text

Reading outline

it is an outline that is used to get the main idea of a text that is already written

Writing outline

it is an outline that is a skeletal version of your essay which contains your fundamental points and the different ideas that support them

Level

refers to the number of ranks in a hierarchy of information in the reading

First level

it is the level that contains the main topic and is with Roman numerals

Second level

it is the subtopics under the main topic which is labeled with uppercase letters

Third level

it is the supporting points under the correct subtopics which is labeled with Arabic numbers

Forth level

It is the particular details and other secondary information under the correct supporting points and is labeled with lowercase letters

Paragraph

is a group of sentences that deals with one particular idea. It is defined by the point that they support and the controlling idea

Topic sentence

it tells the reader the main idea of your paragraph and can be explicit or also implied when there is a clear controlling idea

Supporting details

It is used to elaborate a topic sentence and stem from the general idea established (examples, facts, explanations)

Concluding sentence

it is part of the paragraph that wraps up the idea

Unity

It is the first characteristic that means all of the sentences in the paragraph are related to the topic sentence or supports one main idea

Adequate (development)

it is the second characteristic which means the paragraph has not too much, not too less but just enough supporting details and is fully explained

Coherence

it is the third characteristic that means that the sentences are arranged in a logical manner, making them easily understood by the reader. The paragraph flows smoothly from 1 sentence to another with a logical arrangement

Chronological

logical arrangement arranged by time sequence

Spatial

logical arrangement where in it provides the description of places, scenes, and objects based on location and position

Emphatic order

logical arrangement where in the information found in a paragraph is arranged to build emphasis/emphasize certain points

Signal devices

it helps you determine the difference of one pattern to another or gives an idea of how the points in your paragraph are progressing

Cause and effect

shows the relationship between reason and result and is arranged logically: why → what happens

Comparison and contrast

it shows similarities and differences and is arranged point-by-point or block style

Narrative

it is arranged through telling a story or sequence of events such as from a clear beginning → middle → end

Description

it provides sensory details and often follows spatial order (location)

Exemplification

it uses examples to explain ideas and supports the main idea clearly

Persuasion

it aims to convince the readers and uses logical and organized arguments

Deductive reasoning

It uses academic writing and clear explanations, starting with a general idea

Inductive reasoning

it uses persuasive writing and builds conclusions