Chem Study Guide Quiz for Exam 1

what are the 3 physical states?

solid, liquid, gas

what are the 3 main types of composition?

compound, mixture, homogenous, and heterogenous

element

a pure substance that can not be broken down further by a chemical reaction

compound

combonation of multiple chemically combined elements in a manner that can be easily repliacted

homogenous mixture

when the elements are mixed together in the same phase; uniform composition

heterogenous mixture

when multiple elements are combined without uniform composition and are easily distinguishable

physical properties include

color, odor, density, melting point, hardness, volume and thermal conductivity

signs of chemical changes include

gas/bubbles, temperature change, solid formation( precipitate) and color change

what is the mnemonic for metric to metric conversions?

my king henry doesn’t usually drink chocolate milk

King stands for

kilo

henry stands for

hecto

doesn’t stands for

deca

usually stands for

base unit

drink stands for

deci

chocolate stands for

centi

milk stands for

milli

so 1 cm is = xmm

10

so 2 deciliters = how many litres?

0.2 litres

when you go “up” the staircase you

divide by 10

when you go “down” the staircase you

multiply by 10

what are the last 3 “steps” of the ladder?

micro, nano, pico

what does “my” stand for/

mega

how would you change 103000000 to scientific notation?

1.03 × 10^8

in the number 28.03, how many numbers are significant?

all of them

in the number 0.0032 are the zeros signficant?

no, they are not

zeros before an implied decibel point is

ambiguous

1 Cal=

1 kcal

1 kcal =

1000 cal

Heat( energy) formula

q=c x m x change in T

daltons atomic theory has 3 populates; what are they?

elements are composed of atoms, all atoms of an element are identical, atoms cannot be created or destroyed and compounds are formed when elements combine

atomic number

number of protons in the nucleus

mass number

total number of protons and neutrons

atomic number is represented by what/

z

mass number is represented by

A

atomic weight is

fractional abundance x isotopic mass

elements in the same group have

simliar chemical properties

elements in the same period

have different chemical properties

s orbital can hold how many electrons

2 electrons

how many electrons can the p orbital hold?

6 electrons

how many electrons can the d orbital hold?

10 electrons

how many electrons can the f orbital hold?

14 electrons

octet rule

atoms tend to gain, lose or share electrons to achieve 8 valence electrons

metals tend to

lose electrons

nonmetals tend to

gain electrons

ionization energy

energy required to remove an electron

electron affinity

energy released when an atom gains an electron

low ionization energy

loses electrons easily (IE)

high ionization energy

holds electrons tightly (IE)

low electron affinity

not easy to lose electrons (EA)

high electron affinity

gain electrons easily (EA)

main group metals naming

metal name + ion

transition metals naming

metal name ( roman numerals) and ion

anions end in

-ide

isoelectronic species

species with the same number of electrons