Disorders of Digestion and Intro to Nutrition

A primary effect of tobacco products on the body is

decreased heart rate

increased appetite

decreased blood pressure

decreased blood flow to tissues

decreased blood flow to tissues

Swallowing food/fluid into the trachea is called

achalasia

dyskinesia

aspiration

bradycardia

aspiration

The number one cause of pancreatitis is

gallstones in the bile duct

Barrett's esophagus

esophageal varices

hiatal hernia

gallstones in the bile duct

Which of the following is NOT TRUE regarding celiac disease (CD)?

Mononutrient deficiencies are possible.

People with CD must avoid gluten in wheat, rye and barley.

Average time to diagnosis is 10 years.

Patients must avoid starch.

Patients must avoid starch.

Eosinophilic esophagitis is a condition characterized by

reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus

varices rupture in the esophagus

infiltration of white blood cells in esophageal tissues

crypt formation in the small intestine

infiltration of white blood cells in esophageal tissues

The most important medical advance according to the Lancet of the 20th century to prevent diarrheal death is

antibiotics

probiotics

oral rehydrating solution

the BRAT diet

oral rehydrating solution

Crohn's may manifest itself as wounds in the oral cavity or on the skin.

True

False

true

All of the following are efficacious in preventing constipation except

adequate dietary fiber

physical activity

medications

adequate hydration

adequate hydration

Detox diets promote loss of cancer causing toxins from the body.

True

False

false

Match the routine hospital diet to its best description.

Group of answer choices

_____ indicated immediate post op patients before solid food is introduced

_____ indicated for patient with facial reconstruction surgery (e.g. wired jaws)

_____ indicated for patient with failing kidneys

_____ indicated for patients with diabetes

______ indicated for patient with loose stools

-clear liquid

-full liquid

-renal

-consistent carbohydrates

-low residue

Alice is fed through a gastric tube. She has developed a pressure wound and needs extra protein to support wound healing. The registered dietitian has ordered an extra liquid protein supplement to be added to the tube feeding formula.  This is an example of _____ formula classification.

polymeric

disease specific

elemental/hydrolyzed

modular

modular

Malnourished patients admitted to the hospital are more likely to experience

need for tube feeding

decreased length of stay

greater risk of falls

abnormal lab values

greater risk of falls

Providing the end products of digestion directly into a large vein (bypassing the stomach and GI tract) is called

parenteral nutrition

jejunal nutrition

peripheral nutrition

permacath nutrition

parenteral nutrition

Beneficial substances in plants that can have antioxidant or hormone-like actions are called:

phytochemicals.

polyphenols.

carotenoids.

supplements.

phytochemicals

Which fatty acids may be obtained in marginal amounts in a vegetarian diet?

omega-6 fatty acids

polyunsaturated fatty acids

omega-3 fatty acids

monounsaturated fatty acids

omega-3 fatty acids

Which of these phytochemicals has been shown to be important for eye health?

resveratrol

zeaxanthin

anthocyanins

curcumin

Zeaxanthin

and also lutein.

The _____ diet includes fresh fruits, vegetables, olive oil, fish, and infrequent meat consumption.

Western

Mediterranean

gluten-free

high-protein

Mediterranean

People who ate a Mediterranean diet and consumed olive oil had a reduced risk of _____ problems when compared with those who ate a low-fat diet.

kidney

gastrointestinal tract

brain

heart

heart

Half of the fat intake in the Mediterranean diet comes from:

monounsaturated fat.

trans fat.

animal fat.

saturated fat.

monounsaturated fat

Infant breastfeeding is encouraged for reducing cancer risk because breastfeeding:

reduces the risk of childhood obesity

In general, individuals eating plant-based diets may experience reduced mortality because of their:

lower body weight.

lower intake of monounsaturated fat.

lower intake of dietary fiber.

higher intake of processed meats.

lower body weight

Alice is following a vegan diet. Foods she will avoid are:

macaroni and cheese.

black bean and corn salsa.

succotash (lima beans and corn).

bean burritos.

macaroni and cheese.

Vegetarians may be concerned with eating adequate amounts of which nutrient?

carbohydrates

fats

protein

iron

iron

Which factor of a plant-based diet is thought to reduce the risk of chronic diseases and overall mortality?

increased intake of saturated fat

decreased intake of antioxidants with plant-based diets

increased intake of phytochemicals

reduced intake of total fat

increased intake of phytochemicals

Sonya, who follows a vegan diet, eats plenty of brown rice and beans, but does not like the taste of milk alternatives such as soy, rice, and almond milks. She is therefore concerned about a potential deficiency of:

vitamin B

protein.

vitamin D.

calcium.

vitamin D

What type of fatty acid is essentially absent in vegetarian diets?

linoleic acid

eicosapentaenoic acid

linolenic acid

oleic acid

eicosapentaenoic acid

This essential fatty acid is an omega-3.

George adds tomatoes to bean soup to enhance his absorption of:

vitamin D.

non-heme iron.

essential amino acids.

vitamin B₁₂.

non-heme iron.

The iron RDA for women is 18 mg per day. How much iron is recommended for a woman who adheres to a vegan diet?

32.4 mg/day

28.8 mg/day

27 mg/day

23.4 mg/day

32.4 mg/day