Unit 7 Natural Selection Quiz

Adaptation

A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment

Example of Adaptation

A cactus has thick waxy skin to retain water

Structural Adaptation

A physical feature of an organism’s body (how it looks)

Behavioral Adaptation

An action or behavior that helps survival

Functional Adaptation

An internal process that helps survival

Birds migrating in winter

Behavioral adaptation

Cactus waxy skin

Structural adaptation

Snake venom

Functional adaptation

Fish gills

Structural adaptation

Natural Selection

The process where organisms better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce

Fitness

Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce

Fitness Note

Not necessarily the strongest but the most suited to the environment

Population

A group of the same species living in one area

Species

Organisms that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring

Theory (Science)

A well-supported explanation based on a large amount of evidence

Evolution

Change in the genetic makeup of a population over generations

Four Factors of Natural Selection (VIDA)

Variation Inheritance Differential Survival Adaptation

Variation

Differences in traits among individuals

Inheritance

Traits passed from parents to offspring

Differential Survival

Individuals with better traits survive and reproduce more

Adaptation (VIDA)

Favorable traits become more common over time

Pocket Mice Variation

Some mice are light-colored and some are dark-colored

Pocket Mice Inheritance

Fur color is passed from parents to offspring

Pocket Mice Differential Survival

Dark mice survive better on dark lava because predators see them less

Pocket Mice Adaptation

Population becomes mostly dark-colored over time

Adaptive Evolution

Evolution through natural selection that improves fitness

Non-Adaptive Evolution

Evolution not caused by natural selection

Mutation

A change in DNA

Population Change

Movement or loss of individuals such as migration or disease

Artificial Selection

Humans choosing traits such as dog breeding

Speciation

Formation of new species

Extinction

When a species dies out

Population Increase

More individuals in a species

Camouflage (Chameleon)

Structural adaptation

Mating Displays (Bird of Paradise)

Behavioral adaptation

Mimicry (Viceroy Butterfly)

Structural adaptation

Hibernation (Bears)

Behavioral adaptation

Antibiotic Resistance (MRSA)

Functional adaptation

Hunting in Packs

Behavioral adaptation