pharm exam 3- thyroid disorders

normal physiology of the thyroid

hypothalamus makes thyrotropin-releasing hormone, which tells the anterior pituitary to make TSH, which causes thyroid hormones to be released and also increase the uptake of iodine by the thyroid gland

________ is used to make thryoid hormones

iodine

_________ is where the thyroid cannot make enough thyroid hormone, causing increased TSH

primary hypothyroidism

most common cause of primary hypothyroidism

Hashimoto’s disease

________ is a disorder of the pituitary gland, causing decreased TSH

secondary hypothyroidism

_______ is a disorder of the hypothalamus, causing decreased thyrotropin-releasing hormone

tertiary hypothyroidism

symptoms of hypothyroidism

puffy, fatigue, cold intolerance, mental fogginess, sweating, dry skin, hair loss, slowed hair growth, voice changes, constipation, muscle cramps, sleep disturbances, menstrual cycle anomalies, weight gain, galactorrhea, thinning eyebrows, periorbital edema

compliations of hypothyroidism

dyspnea, respiratory failure, bradycardia, depression, anxiety, psychosis, cognitive changes, myxedema coma

what happens during a myxedema coma

severe hypothyroidism; hypothermia, areflexia, seizures, respiratory depression with CO2 retention (acidosis and coma), non pitting edema because of mucopolysaccharides of upper body

what med is for hypothyroidism

levothyroxine

MoA of levothyroxine

acts like T4 in the body, converted to T3 by the liver to carry out bodily funcitons

levothyroxine is mostly excreted by the ______

kidneys

effects of levothyroxine on the body

increases metabolic rate, promotes gluconeogenesis and the use of glycogen stores

indications of levothyroxine

hypothyroidism, euthyroid goiters, myxedema coma

what might need to happen if a pregnant woman is taking levothyroxine

they might need ot increase the dosage

neuro side effects of levothyroxine

headache, anxiety, insomnia, hyperactivity, irritability

CV side effects of levothyroxine

angina, arrythmias, hypertension, tachycardia

dermatological side effects of levothyroxine

alopecia, diaphoresis, skin rash

endocrine side effects of levothyroxine

heat intolerance, decreased bone density, menstrual irregularity

GI side effects of levothyroxine

abdominal cramps, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss