PBS 3.1 TEST REVIEW

Outbreak

A sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease in a specific area.

Pandemic

A global outbreak of a disease.

Endemic

A disease or condition regularly found among particular people or in a certain area.

Nosocomial

Infections acquired in hospitals or healthcare facilities.

Meningitis

An infection that spreads by saliva through coughing, sneezing, or shared eating utensils.

Antibiotic

A medicine that inhibits the growth of or destroys bacteria.

E.coli

Escherichia coli, a type of bacteria that can cause foodborne illness.

Culture

A method used to grow microorganisms in a controlled environment.

Gram negative

Bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method.

Gram positive

Bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain and appear purple under a microscope.

Morality

The number of deaths in a given population.

Morbidity

The condition of being diseased; can also refer to the incidence of illness in a population.

Immunity

The ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin.

Antibodies

Proteins produced by the immune system to neutralize or destroy pathogens.

Vaccine

A preparation that helps to produce immunity to a specific disease.

Aseptic technique

A procedure performed under sterile conditions to prevent contamination.

Direct transmission

The transfer of a pathogen from one person to another through direct contact.

Indirect transmission

The transfer of a pathogen through intermediary objects or organisms.

B-cells

A type of lymphocyte that produces antibodies.

T-cells

A type of lymphocyte involved in cell-mediated immunity.

R-naught

A measure of how contagious an infectious disease is.

Antigen

A substance that triggers an immune response.