Acute Leukemias

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to acute leukemias, aiding in the study of classification, treatment, and prognosis.

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

A clonal disorder characterized by a maturation block and the accumulation of acquired genetic alterations in hematopoietic progenitor cells.

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

The most common cancer in children, divided into FAB subtypes based on morphology and cellular features.

French-American-British (FAB) Classification

A classification system that categorizes acute leukemias into major groups (AML and ALL) based on morphological characteristics.

Blasts

Immature cells typically present in acute leukemias, indicating ongoing leukemogenic processes.

Cytogenetic Analysis

An evaluation method focused on chromosomal abnormalities in leukemia patients to assist in diagnosis and treatment.

MicroRNA

Small RNA molecules that influence gene expression and are associated with various outcomes in acute leukemias.

Induction Phase of Therapy

The initial phase of treatment aimed at achieving remission in leukemia patients through cytotoxic chemotherapy.

Molecular Analysis

A process that examines genetic mutations in leukemic cells to aid in prognosis and treatment decisions.

Myeloblasts

Immature blood cells vital to the diagnosis and classification of acute myeloid leukemias.

Treatment-Related Death

Mortality that occurs due to complications from leukemia treatment, often higher in older patients.

Survival Rates

Statistical measures indicating the proportion of patients living for a specified duration after diagnosis, varying significantly by age and prognosis.

Therapy-Related Myeloid Neoplasms

Myeloid disorders that occur as complications from previous cancer treatments, typically involving acute myeloid leukemias.

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cells

A form of immunotherapy that uses genetically engineered T cells to target and kill tumor cells.