KINS 3415 midterm

Spring 2023

Ethics

Branch of Philisophy

* concerned with principles of right and wrong
* Greek word “ethike”

metaethics

examines the origins of theoretical concepts and notions about what they mean

normative ethics

concerned with what moral standards regulate right and wrong behavior

applied ethics

examines specific unresolved controversial issues

eastern ethics

confucianism

eastern thought

accept what is

freedom of silence

love is silent

ideal life is long life

cherish the wisdom of years

western thought

take a chance

freedom of speech

love is vocal

ideal life is being successful

cherish the vitality of youth

benevolence

assisting those in need

honesty

not deceiving or lying to others

“Hand of God”

1986 FIFA World Cup Finals

\-Player blatantly touched the ball and scored but ref did not call the handball

reasons for cheating

\-overemphasis on winning

\-seeking prestige and wealth

\-pressure from coaches, parents, and community

\-lack of emphasis on sportsmanship

\-commercialization of sport

\-misplaced emphasis on role of sport in society

autonomy

an individual’s bodily freedom

justice

right to due process and live in a fair and just society

paternalism

assisting others to what is in their best interest when they are unable to do so

social benefits

certain actions that are beneficial to society as a whole

lawfulness

rule of law benefits individuals and society as a whole

sport ethics

branch of sport philosophy that addresses the specific ethical questions that arise during and around sport competitions

ethical decision making

* doing to others as you would have them done unto you
* fairness
* respecting others
* not hurting the team
* respect for the game
* fear of getting caught

being ethical

* not just about following the rules
* valuing what is important
* valuing oneself in relation to the activity

an ethical person

* follows the rules
* values the rules
* believes in the rules
* honors the spirit of the rules

morals

individuals actual customs or manners

* latin word “dos”
* beliefs about something being right or wrong, in relation to the actions of individuals carrying out the deed
* some are learned
* some are developed

forms of morals

* rules and principles
* particular traits and characteristics

morality

system of norms, values, and rules of actions that govern our relationships with other human beings

* can belong to individuals, groups, cultures, or societies
* vary according to time and place

morality in sports

* teams
* communities
* individual athletes
* coaches
* administrators
* guide conduct on and off the field

values

something that has worth to you

non-moral values

values about things, places, or events

* knowledge
* wealth
* victory

moral values

particular traits or characteristics that help people act well towards each other

* justice
* honesty
* sportsmanship
* compassion

non-moral reasoning

does not require that one decides between actions that are morally good or bad or ethically right or wrong

* can be made without placing primary emphasis on moral values

moral reasoning

use criteria such as moral values, principles, and/or consequences to determine whether a particular action is right or wrong

* whether we have a moral obligation to act in a particular manner towards others

moral dilemma

a situation that calls for actions to determine which option is morally best

bracketed morality

allows sport participants to emphasize self-interest related to the goals of sport more than just everyday morality

moral egocentrism

tendency to interpret the sporting world in terms of self

* putting one’s own interest or the team’s interest ahead of others, often times to a non moral end

integrity

uprightness of character

* being honest

prime values

values that can stand alone

* honesty (truthfulness)
* justice (fairness)
* responsibility (respect)

social values

values that focus on what the American work ethic finds important

sportsmanship

someone who plays fairly

* follows the rules of the game
* moral values ahead of achievement
* pursue victory with honor by giving one’s best effort

gamesmanship

winning is everything

* okay to bend the rules to gain competitive advantage
* ref’s must catch wrongdoings
* no inherent responsibility to follow the rules
* ends always justify the means
* faking an injury
* head start
* tampering with equipment
* PEDs
* lying
* intimidating/taunting

principles

written values

* universal rules of conduct

writing principles

3/4 words

* I will not…
* Do not…
* Honesty= I will not lie

fairness

treat people equally in the sense that they have the proportionally same contribution to the goodness in their lives

responsibility

doing what is expected and being accountable for one’s actions

beneficence

practice of being civil and showing common decency

* not doing harm
* preventing harm
* removing harm
* do not be uncivil

strategic reasoning

acting based on what will reward or bring the biggest advantage to a person

* impartiality
* consistency
* reflection

skepticism

any determination of morality is simply an expression of feelings or emotion

cultural/relative effects

moral judgements with no object solution and as such are relative

dogmatism

refuse the possibility of error or acknowledge that they may be wrong

false obstruction of theory

ethical theory is after all only a theory and therefore not factual, realistic, or practical

deontological theory

moral reasoning based on unconditional maxims

* whats good for me is good for all
* rationalism
* focus: doing based on duty regardless of particular outcomes

teleological theory

virtue theory

* emphasis on being rather than doing
* focus: being a certain type of person

virtue theory

Aristotle

* virtues are values, qualities, characteristics, and attitudes that help people do good things

consequentialist theory

involves a consideration of the consequences of particular moral decisions

* utilitarianism theory

sport

conditions:

* physical in nature
* physical skills
* competition
* institutional conditions

play

conditions:

* rules
* voluntary
* activity outside of normal life
* limits of time and place

game

elements:

* goal
* means of achieving goals
* rules
* lusory attitude
* recreation
* leisure

good competition

“sports build character”

* preparation for life
* striving together

bad competition

* winning at all costs attitude
* tension with educational opportunities

types of intimidation

* physical (harm)
* psychological (trash talking)
* physiological (size, demeanor, etc.)

morals learned

parents, family members, teachers, friends

philosophy

the study of knowledge

* thinking about thinking

when did sport become a distinct subject worth philosophical investigation?

1960s-1970s

examples of ethical issues in sport

* doping
* fair play
* gamesmanship

understanding perspectives about concepts, equality, and fairness are in relation to:

sexuality, race, and disability

3 tenets of moral reasoning

* impartiality
* consistency
* reflection

4 common shared values

* justice
* responsibility
* honesty
* beneficence

what is used interchangeably with responsibility?

accountability

sportsmanship puts what ahead of achievement?

moral values

what is benevolence

assisting those in need

3 types of rules

* constitutive
* sportsmanship
* proscriptive

why is negative feedback used

to get the job done more quickly

sports dropout occurs in

any level of sport

main reasons athletes drop out of sport

* no fun
* pressure to win

3 sport burnout types

* physical
* psychological
* social

Why ambush?

* sponsorship type results
* complete creative freedom

Did the war stop every 4 years for men to compete in the Olympics?

Yes

what did Olympic winners get

olive branch wreath and statues of themselves

original 5 Olympic teams

* America
* Africa
* Oceania
* Asia
* Europe

does the IOC still test sex verification

No

* stopped in 1990

does the IOC require a testosterone test?

yes

why are PEDs morally questionable

* endurance
* strength
* skill
* self confidence

% of media coverage for women’s sports

4

what leads to environmental issues in sport?

* venue- trash
* fans- water pollution

corporate social responsibility

a business’s concern for societal welfare

what is sport

to amuse oneself and physical activity engaged in for pleasure

branches and fields of philosophy

* aesthetics- beauty
* epistemology- theory and knowledge
* ethics- wrong and right
* logic- correct reasoning
* metaphysics- what is real
* social and political- how a society should be run

morals developed

from observations of a person’s culture and world

moral relativism

morality or moral judgements vary across different people and cultures

4 types of justice

* distributive
* procedural
* retributive
* compensatory

constitutive rules

rules to guide play within a specific game

proscriptive rules

rules or laws that specify what actions are not to be undertaken

why is violence condoned

* media glamorizes it
* sports fan enjoy it
* helps athletes win

sport intimidation

act of causing someone to be fearful, withdrawn, or coerced

* can be purposeful or non purposeful

why do sport dropouts occur

* lack of skills
* no fun
* pressure to win
* sexual harassment

4 perspectives of commercialized sport

* sport for PR and promotions
* sport as business
* sport as entertainment
* sport as a transmitter of economic values

youth sport 1920

businesses sponsored youth teams to promote their product

competition has led to

erosion of fun, socialization, and moral values and replaced with a winning at all costs value

college sports 1890

realization that successful and popular sports teams could enhance a school’s image

current college sports

applications grow the better your school is at sports like football and basketball

exploitation

when winning surpasses an education

educational exploitation examples

* lowering admission standards and letting unprepared athletes in
* coaches breaking the limits on practices
* coaches can drop grant aid with no due process

ambush marketing

a brand’s attempt to associate itself with a team or event without buying the rights to do so