Unit 3 vocab

Civil Rights

the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality.

Civil Liberties

Constitutionally protected freedoms from government interference

Bill of Rights

First 10 amendments to protect individual liberties

First amendment

Freedom of expression

Establishment Clause

Cannot be forced to practice a certain religion

Free Exercise Clause

Cannot be stopped from practicing your religion

4th Amendment

prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures

Exclusionary rule

Prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures from law enforcement

Equal Protection Clause

Provides all citizens with protection under the law

Selective Incorporation

Applying the bill of rights to protect civil liberties and rights from the government

8th Amendment

Prohibits excessive bail, fines, cruel and unusual punishments

Time, Place, Manner Regultions

rules government agencies set to control when, where, and how people exercise free speech

Libel

harm caused to the reputation of another in written form

Slander

verbally harming someone’s reputation

Obscenity

sexually explicit material

Due Process Clause

government must treat people fairly and follow proper legal procedures before taking away rights

Double Jeapordy

stops the government from trying or punishing a person twice for the same exact crime after they have already been found not guilty or convicted.

Which amendment includes the Equal protection Clause?

14th

What is not protected by the first amendment?

Defamation and Obscneity

Two forms of Defamation

Libel and Slander

Why were the Bill of rights added?

To protect individual liberties

Which amendment includes the Establishment Clause

1st

Which amendment is used with selective incorporation

14th

What is the Miranda Warning

Mandatory rights police must read to a person in custody

What amendment does the Miranda Warning come from

5th

Affirmative action

effort to improve opportunities for minorities

What Scotus case allowed some of affirmative action to be allowed in schools?

Regents of University of California v. Barkke

What was the civil rights act of 1964

outawed discrimination in any open public place

What is Title IX

Prohibits gender discrimination in funded educational activities

What is the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

Allowed protections for disabled people

In Schenck v. US, what did SCOTUS decide?

1st amendment does not protect speech promoting resistance to the draft

What rule came out of Schenck v US

free speech is limited if it creates clear and present danger

In Tinker vs Des Moines, what was the provision and what amendment was it from?

Freedom of expression from the first amendment

In Tinker vs Des Moines, What did SCOTUS hold?

Armbands were a form of symbolic speech protected by the first amendment

What type of speech was allowed in the Tinker vs Des Moines case?

Symbolic speech

In Engel vs Vitale, what was the provision (clause/section) and amendment of this case

Prayers during school hours violate the Establishment clause under the first amendment

In Engel vs Vitale, what did SCOTUS decide?

Voluntary prayer in school does violate the Establishment clause

In Wisconsin v Yoder, what was the constitutional provision (clause/section) and amendment of the case?

Do school laws violate the Free excercise clause under the first amendment

In Wisconsin vs Yoder, what did SCOTUS decide?

yes, Laws that require attendance violate the Free excercise clause

In McDonald vs Chicago, what did SCOTUS decide?

The second amendment is appliable for both state and local governments

In Gideon vs Wainwright, does the right to counsel apply in all cases even non severe penalties? Does the right to counsel apply to all states?

The sixth amendment applies to all cases and states under the Due Process Clause in the 14th amendment

In Gideon v Wainwright, what amendment and specific part of it did the case involve

6th right to counsel

In Brown v Board of Education, what was the constitutional provision and amendment of the case?

Does Equal protection clause of the 14th amend prohibit segregation based on race

What was the holding in Brown v Board of Education?

The Clause does prohibit segreation because segregation based on race creates inherent inequality

What was Dr. King’s goal in writing this letter?

people had a responsibility to follow just laws and a duty to break unjust ones

What does Dr King advocate for in his letter?

nonviolent direct action to combat segregation and racial injustice

Decision in Columbia v Heller

the second amendment grants private citizens the right to keep weapons

Decision in Obergefell v Hodges

All states must grant marriage licenses to same gender couples

Decision in Roe v Wade

The 9th and 14th protect women rights but may be restricted by government in the second trimester

Decision in Dobbs v Jackson

the U.S. Constitution does not grant a right to abortion, returning the authority to regulate or ban abortion to individual state legislatures