unit 7 AP world vocab

Bloody Sunday

thousands of workers peacefully marched to the tsar asking for improved working conditions

Conscription

mandatory enrollment of citizens into national military service

Totalitarian State

political system in which the government attempts to exert total control over all aspects of public and private life

Sun Yat-Sen

irst provisional president of the Republic of China and is revered as the "Father of the Nation" for his crucial role in overthrowing the Qing Dynasty

Trench Warfare

long, deep, and fortified ditches dug into the ground to protect troops from advanced, deadly, new weapon technologies

Mandate System

a legal framework allowing Allied powers to govern former German colonies and Ottoman territories with the supposed goal of preparing them for eventual self-governance

Young Turks

Wanted a European style constitution

Zimmerman Telegram

secret diplomatic communication that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico if the United States entered World War I against Germany

Balfour Declaration

announced support for the establishment of a "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine

Franz Ferdinand

heir to the throne who’s assassination served as the immediate spark that triggered the alliance systems and led to the outbreak of World War I

Total War

Millions, including women, worked in factories to produce war materials. 

March 1st Movement

massive, non-violent Korean independence protest against Japanese colonial rule

Triple Entente

• became the Allies when more countries joined

• system of alliances designed to keep the peace

New Deal

government programs and policies by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to give Relief, Recovery, and Reform after the Great Depression

May 4th Movement

Protest against foreign imperialism and domestic "feudalism”, wanted "Democracy and Science."

Triple Alliance

• system of alliances designed to keep the peace

• becomes the Central Powers when Italy remained neutral

Five Year Plan

designed to rapidly industrialize a nation and organize (abolishing private ownership) agriculture over a five-year period by stalin

Keynesian Economics

economic theory arguing that intervention and deficit spending are necessary to stimulate demand, reduce unemployment, and stabilize the economy during recessions or depressions.

Self-Determination

•  the idea that people of the same ethnicity, language, culture, and political ideals should be united and should have the right to form an independent nation

Fascism

an authoritarian system that aims to unite the nation through total control, rejecting democracy and socialist ideology.

Bolshevik

• organization representing the revolutionary working class of Russia under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin

Central Powers

main alliance of countries fighting against the Allied Powers

Germany and Austria-Hungary

Militarism

• European powers had been competing for military dominance

Collectivize

the process in which a government takes over private land and farms, forcing farmers to work together on large, state-run farms

propaganda

 Communication meant to influence the attitudes and opinions of a community around a particular subject be spreading inaccurate or slanted information. 

Reparations

payments or amends made by a defeated nation to a victorious nation to cover the costs and damage caused by a war.

Inflation

general, sustained rise in prices for goods and services across an economy

Deficit spending

when a government spends more money than it brings in from taxes and other revenue, forcing them to borrow money to cover the difference

Decolonization

colonies in Asia and Africa gained independence from European empires

Blitzkrieg

a military tactic used by Germany during World War II that focused on speed, surprise, and overwhelming force to quickly defeat an enemy before they could properly defend themselves.

Lebensraum

Nazi ideology that Germany needed to conquer land in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union to provide space for the "Aryan race" to grow, settle, and feed itself.

Scientific Racism

use of fake or misused science to justify racial discrimination and the belief that some races are naturally superior to others

genocide

planned attempt to destroy—in whole or in part—a specific national, ethnic, racial, or religious

Ghetto

specific, restricted area of a city where a minority group is forced to live separately from the rest of the population

Appeasement

accepting to an aggressive power to avoid war

ethnic cleansing

forced removal of an ethnic, racial, or religious group from a specific geographic area by a more powerful group