Politics and Governance Reviewer

Flashcards covering the fundamental concepts of politics and governance, the historical evolution of Filipino political systems, and key dimensions of good governance.

Polis

The Greek word meaning "city-state," which is the origin of the term politics.

Politics (Heywood, 2013)

An activity involving the interaction of people, characterized by conflict and cooperation, who come together to solve disagreements through binding solutions.

Political Science

A branch of social sciences that deals with the systems of government, analysis of political activity, political behavior, theories, and practices.

Government

The instrument of the state through which the will of the people is expressed, carried out, and formulated.

Gubernare

A Latin word meaning "to steer," which along with the Greek word "kubernaein" serves as the origin of the term governance.

Accountability

A key dimension of good governance defined as making public officials answerable for government behavior and responsive to the entity from which they derive authority.

Predictability

A dimension of good governance requiring the existence of laws, regulations, and policies and the fair and consistent application of these.

Transparency

The availability of information to the general public and the clarity of government rules, regulations, and decisions.

State

A political community that has sovereign jurisdiction over a clearly defined territory and exercises authority through institutions including the government.

Sovereignty

An element of the state representing the supreme power to command and enforce obedience.

Barangay

Well-organized and independent villages in the pre-Spanish period, named after the "balangay" or sailboats used by ancestors.

Maharlika

The highest social class, or nobles, within the pre-Spanish Filipino Barangay system.

Governor-General

During the Spanish period, the head of the Real Audencia, commander in chief of the armed forces, and governor of the provinces.

Residencia

The incoming Governor-General tasked with succeeding the incumbent and reviewing their administration.

Visitadores

Officials who managed and monitored programs implemented by the Spanish Kingdom in their colonies and appointed subordinate officials.

La Solidaridad

The newspaper established between 1889-1895 that served as the medium for the Propaganda Movement.

Treaty of Paris

The 1898 agreement where the United States bought the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico from Spain for 20 million dollars.

Tydings McDuffie Law

The law that facilitated the Commonwealth of the Philippines, intended as a 10-year preparatory government.

KALIBAPI

The Executive Commission created by the Japanese government, formal name Kapisanan ng Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas.

Hukbalahap (Huks)

Communist-dominated guerrillas in Central Luzon who used terror and violence during the post-war reconstruction period.

Proclamation 1081

The proclamation signed by Ferdinand Marcos on September 21, 1972, placing the Philippines under Martial Law.

Personalism

A trait in Filipino administrative culture emphasizing the degree of importance given to interpersonal relations or face-to-face encounters.

Padrino

A political backer who assists individuals in gaining entry or promotion within the bureaucracy, regardless of the merit system.

Nation-State

An alignment between a political unit (the state) and a unit of culture (the nation).

Social Cohesion

The "glue" that binds societies together through shared values, trust, and solidarity to foster a sense of belonging.