Chapter 7: Long-Term Memory: Encoding, Retrieval, & Consolidation

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary and concepts related to long-term memory, including encoding, retrieval, and effective study strategies.

Long-Term Memory (LTM)

The system used for storing information over extended periods.

Encoding

The process of acquiring information and transforming it into memory.

Retrieval

The process of transferring information from long-term memory back into working memory.

Working Memory (WM)

A type of memory responsible for manipulating and using information in complex tasks.

Consolidation

The process that transforms new memories from a fragile state to a more permanent state.

Rehearsal

A technique to improve memory retention; can be maintenance or elaborative.

Maintenance Rehearsal

Type of rehearsal that maintains information but does not always transfer it to long-term memory.

Elaborative Rehearsal

Type of rehearsal that transfers information to long-term memory.

Levels of Processing Theory

A theory that suggests deeper levels of attention and meaning during encoding lead to better memory.

Shallow Processing

Involves little attention to meaning, resulting in poorer memory.

Deep Processing

Involves close attention to meaning, resulting in better memory.

Photo-Taking-Impairment Effect

The phenomenon where taking photos decreases our memory for the photographed items.

Encoding Specificity

The principle that encoding information along with its context enhances its retrieval.

Retrieval Cues

Words or stimuli that aid in recalling information from memory.

State-Dependent Learning

Learning that is associated with a certain internal state that aids retrieval under similar conditions.

Transfer Appropriate Processing

When the processes used during encoding match those during retrieval, improving memory performance.

Illusion of Learning

The misconception that familiarity equates to comprehension.

Effective Study Strategies

Includes elaborating, generating tests, organizing, matching learning and testing conditions, and taking breaks.