9 - Encoding Standards

Machine-Readable Cataloging (MARC)

Standard for representing and communicating bibliographic information in machine-readable form

Structure (MARC)

Implementation of standards for information exchange

Content Designation

Codes and conventions identifying data elements in a record

Content (MARC)

Actual bibliographic data contained in a MARC record

MARC 21 Bibliographic Data

Format for describing and controlling bibliographic materials

MARC 21 Holdings Data

Format for holdings and location information

MARC 21 Authority Data

Format for authority-controlled data

MARC 21 Classification Data

Format for classification numbers and captions

MARC 21 Community Information

Format for information about events, services, and programs

Leader

First 24-character field in a MARC record

Directory

Computer-generated index of fields within a MARC record

Variable Fields

Fields containing actual record data

Topical Subfield ($x)

MARC subject code for topical subdivision

Geographic Subfield ($z)

MARC subject code for geographic subdivision

Chronological Subfield ($y)

MARC subject code for chronological subdivision

Form Subfield ($v)

MARC subject code for form subdivision

Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)

Standard for designing hardware-independent markup languages

Entity (SGML)

Thing being encoded

Element (SGML)

Component within an entity

Attribute (SGML)

Information describing an element

Extensible Markup Language (XML)

Markup language for encoding electronic documents

Document Type Definition (DTD)

Defines vocabulary and tags in XML

XML Schema

Defines structure and rules for XML documents

Bibliographic Framework (BIBFRAME)

Framework intended to replace MARC

Linked Data

Method of connecting and sharing structured data on the web

BIBFRAME 2.0

Latest version of the BIBFRAME model

Encoded Archival Description (EAD)

XML format for encoding archival finding aids

ISAD(G)

Standard for archival description

Finding Aids

Tools describing archival collections