Osmoregulation and Excretion

These flashcards cover key concepts related to osmoregulation and excretion in biology, focusing on animal physiology, specifically earthworms and grasshoppers, as well as human kidney functions.

The main purpose of osmoregulation is __.

to maintain proper water balance and ion concentration in organisms.

A problem for marine species is __.

the risk of dehydration due to high salinity of seawater.

Freshwater species face the challenge of __.

gaining too much water due to low salinity of their environment.

One function that relies on the volume of water in the body is __.

transport of nutrients and waste products.

The purpose of excretion is __.

to remove metabolic wastes and maintain homeostasis.

In a hypotonic solution, animal cells can become __.

lysed.

In an isotonic solution, animal cells are __.

normal.

In hypertonic solutions, animal cells can become __.

shriveled.

The epidermis of earthworms is covered with a __.

cuticle.

Grasshoppers use their __ exoskeleton to retain water.

chitinous.

Grasshoppers excrete nitrogenous wastes primarily in the form of __.

uric acid.

In the human kidney, the renal artery brings blood to the __.

kidney.

The collecting ducts lead into the __ before reaching the ureter.

bladder.

Cortical nephrons make up __ percent of the nephron population.

85%.

The loop of Henle is responsible for __ urine concentration.

increasing.

Active transport of sodium occurs in the __ tubule of the nephron.

proximal.

Hormones that regulate sodium and water reabsorption include and .

ADH; aldosterone.

Malpighian tubules in grasshoppers are responsible for __.

excreting nitrogenous wastes.