May Exam Science Revision Flashcards

Flashcards covering exam overview, scientific investigation skills, states of matter, cell biology, and light properties based on the revision transcript.

What do the hazard symbols (a) and (b) from the notes represent?

a) Toxic b) Caution

What position should the Bunsen burner air hole be in to produce a safety flame?

Closed

What color is the hottest flame on a Bunsen burner?

Blue (with a bright blue cone in the middle)

What is the name for the yellow flame produced by a Bunsen burner?

Sooty flame

How many grams are in $1\,kg$?

$$1000\,g$$

What is the definition of volume?

The amount of space an object takes up.

What is the formula to calculate the volume of a regular object?

$$\text{volume} = l \times b \times h$$

How is the volume of an irregular object calculated using water?

Measure the volume of water in a measuring cylinder, place the object into the cylinder, and record the final volume; the difference is the volume.

What is the temperature of boiling water?

$$100^{\circ}C$$

What is the standard human body temperature?

$$37^{\circ}C$$

How should points be plotted and connected on a line graph?

Use a small cross or dot for points and join them together with a ruler.

In an experiment, what are the definitions for Control, Independent, and Dependent variables?

Control variables are kept the same; Independent variables are altered; Dependent variables are measured.

What are two properties of a liquid compared to a gas?

Liquids can be poured and keep the same volume; gases can flow and spread out to fill a space.

What is the arrangement of particles in a gas?

They are spread out far apart.

What is the name for the state change from a gas to a liquid?

Condensation

What is the name for the state change from a liquid to a solid?

Freezing

Define solvent and solute and provide an example of each.

A solvent is the liquid a solid dissolves in (e.g., water); a solute is the solid that dissolves (e.g., salt or sugar).

What does the term 'insoluble' mean?

It does not dissolve.

What is a solution called if no more solid will dissolve in the liquid?

Saturated solution

What three factors can speed up dissolving?

Increasing temperature, stirring, and using smaller particles.

How do you separate salt from a salt solution?

Evaporation

What kind of mixture can be separated using filtration?

An insoluble solid in a liquid.

What does 'immiscible' mean?

Does not mix (e.g., oil and water).

List the seven key life processes represented by the acronym MRS GREN.

Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition.

What four structures are found in both animal and plant cells?

Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cell membrane, and Mitochondria.

What three structures are found in plant cells but not animal cells?

Cell wall, vacuole, and chloroplasts.

What is the function of the cell nucleus?

It controls all the activities of the cell.

What is the plant cell wall made from?

Cellulose

What is the function of mitochondria?

It is where respiration takes place.

How do you calculate the total magnification of a microscope?

$$\text{total magnification} = \text{magnification of eyepiece} \times \text{magnification of objective lens}$$

What stain is used for viewing cheek cells and what is used for onion cells?

Methylene blue is used for cheek cells; Iodine is used for onion cells.

What is the function of the cilia on an epithelial cell?

Tiny hairs that move to and fro to remove dust and germs.

What is the correct order of biological organization from simplest to most complex?

cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

What are the three types of light beams?

Converging (rays going in), Diverging (rays going out), and Parallel.

Define transparent, translucent, and opaque objects.

Transparent lets light pass easily (clear view); translucent lets some light pass (no clear view); opaque lets no light pass.

What is the difference between self-luminous and non-luminous objects?

Self-luminous objects make their own light; non-luminous objects reflect light into our eyes.

What is the 'umbra'?

The total area of a shadow.

What are the seven colors of the light spectrum?

Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, and Violet.

What is the term for the splitting of white light?

Dispersion

Give three descriptions of the image produced by a pinhole camera.

Less bright, upside down, and back to front.