Ch.28 Principles of Growth + Development

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Last updated 11:47 PM on 5/2/26
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39 Terms

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Growth

Increase in physical size

<p>Increase in physical size</p>
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Development

Increase in skill or ability to function

<p>Increase in skill or ability to function</p>
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Developmental milestones

Major markers at a predictable age

<p>Major markers at a predictable age</p>
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Cognitive development

Ability to learn from experience, retain knowledge, problem solve

<p>Ability to learn from experience, retain knowledge, problem solve</p>
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Factors influencing growth and development

genetics, sex, temperament, environment, physical activity, nutrition

<p>genetics, sex, temperament, environment, physical activity, nutrition</p>
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Genetics

Genetic abnormalities lead to disability or disease

<p>Genetic abnormalities lead to disability or disease</p>
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Sex

Girls weigh less at birth; begin puberty earlier than males

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Temperament

Child's innate behavioral style (how they react to the world)

<p>Child's innate behavioral style (how they react to the world)</p>
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Easy temperament

Adaptable, regular routines, generally positive mood

<p>Adaptable, regular routines, generally positive mood</p>
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Difficult temperament

Intense reactions, irregular routines, slow to adapt

<p>Intense reactions, irregular routines, slow to adapt</p>
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Slow-to-warm temperament

Low activity, cautious, needs time to adjust

<p>Low activity, cautious, needs time to adjust</p>
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Parent-Child relationship

Trauma delays growth and development

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ordinal position

older child develops faster than younger child

<p>older child develops faster than younger child</p>
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Physical activity

Should begin in infancy; >60mins each day

<p>Should begin in infancy; &gt;60mins each day</p>
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nutrition

impacts growth, health, development

poor nutrition = poor development

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healthy diet components

proteins, carbs, fat, vitamins, minerals (macro/micronutrients)

<p>proteins, carbs, fat, vitamins, minerals (macro/micronutrients)</p>
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Proteins

Tissue growth and repair

<p>Tissue growth and repair</p>
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Carbohydrates

Primary energy source

<p>Primary energy source</p>
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Fat

Brain development, myelinates nerve fibers (esp <2 years old)

<p>Brain development, myelinates nerve fibers (esp &lt;2 years old)</p>
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Fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K)

stored in fat cells for later use (cereal, plant oils)

<p>stored in fat cells for later use (cereal, plant oils)</p>
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water soluble vitamins (B,C)

not stored in body, must be taken daily (fruits, veg)

<p>not stored in body, must be taken daily (fruits, veg)</p>
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Macronutrients (>100mg needed daily)

sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium

<p>sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium</p>
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micronutrients (<100mg needed daily)

iron, zinc, iodine

<p>iron, zinc, iodine</p>
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Neonate

First 28 days of life

<p>First 28 days of life</p>
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Infant

1 month - 1 year

<p>1 month - 1 year</p>
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Toddler

1 - 3 years

<p>1 - 3 years</p>
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Preschooler

3 - 5 years

<p>3 - 5 years</p>
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School-aged child

6 - 12 years

<p>6 - 12 years</p>
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Adolescent

13 - 17 years

<p>13 - 17 years</p>
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Lacto-ovo-vegetarian

Dairy products, eggs, plants

<p>Dairy products, eggs, plants</p>
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Ovo-vegetarian

Eggs and plants, NO dairy

Calcium source: green leafy vegs, tofu

<p>Eggs and plants, NO dairy</p><p>Calcium source: green leafy vegs, tofu</p>
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Lacto-vegetarian

Dairy and plants, NO eggs

<p>Dairy and plants, NO eggs</p>
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Vegan

no animal products at all, need vitamin b12 supplements

<p>no animal products at all, need vitamin b12 supplements</p>
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Macrobiotic

Mostly vegetarian with small amount of animal products

<p>Mostly vegetarian with small amount of animal products</p>
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Erikson's Psychosocial Theory

Mental conflict shapes personality

<p>Mental conflict shapes personality</p>
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Freud's Psychosexual Theory

Body parts have pleasure centers

<p>Body parts have pleasure centers</p>
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Piaget's Cognitive Theory

How children think and reason

<p>How children think and reason</p>
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Kohlberg's Moral Theory

How children know between right vs. wrong

<p>How children know between right vs. wrong</p>