Chapter 18 Vaccines and Serology

ELISA

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

ELISA sandwich method

an antibody is added

sample is added

second antibody w/ an enzyme attached is added

color change occurs

pregnancy test

urine with hCG in it travels up the test and causes the line to change color, control line needs to be on for the test to be accurate

variolation

picking pus from a person with smallpox and giving it to a healthy host cutaneously so they get a less severe form of the disease that will protect them later

edward jenner

discovered cow pox protects from small pox

live attenuated vaccines

they can get in the body and replicate but they can’t cause serious disease

inactivated vaccines

consists of whole inactivated pathogen or part of a pathogen

whole-agent vaccine

contains entire pathogen treated w/ heat, chemicals, or radiation

subunit vaccine

uses purified parts of a pathogen

adjuvants

added to a vaccine to tell the immune system to work harder

Covid-19 vaccines

provide mRNA instructions to make a virus degrade

herd immunity

if there are fewer disease-susceptible people in a community, it is harder for a pathogen to be transmitted