CH 17 HIST 121

The Lost Cause Myth

• a myth which claims that the confederacy did nothing wrong and that its movement was for rights and not just about keeping slavery

• depicted African Americans as wanting slavery over freedom after the civil war

What were the elements of the New South idea?

• get rid of pre-civil war south and “diversify” the region’s economy by developing a growing industrial sector

What industries developed in the south after the Civil War?

• Textile industry

• Tobacco Industry

• Coal Industry

• Iron/Steel making industry

What ways did the sharecropping system contribute to problems in the south after the War?

• there was a lack of caring and maintaining the land fertile, and buildings well. no fertile soil, no crops

• (sharecropping is a barter trade system: stuff in exchange for crops)

Mississippi Plan

• Political intention to strip African Americans of voting rights and also not give them civil rights in 1890

What methods were used by the white southerners to restrict African American Suffrage?

• residence requirement of 2yrs in a state-restricting African American farmers who moved a lot for better economic purposes

• blacks couldn’t vote if they committed crime

• to vote, people had to play their taxes on time, including poll tac that hurt broke people

• all voters had to be able to read or at least understand the constitution

Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896

U.S. supreme court case that ruled that states could create laws segregating public spaces

Jim Crow

• laws enforcing segregation and “institutionalized” discrimination against AA

• named after a caricature of a black person whom they named Jim crow- a personification of a black person

What does Wilmington Insurrection tell us about the South after reconstruction?

• White supremacy was very strong, segregation became more enforced

How did African Americans respond to segregation?

anchored themselves to church

segregation created new economic opportunities for African Americans in entrepreneurship and fulfill those services that they were being rejected from (banking, barbering, funerals, etc.)

Ida B. wells

an African American Activist who became the first black person to file a lawsuit after racism on a train and was big on journalism; very outspoken, helped find NAACP

Booker T. Washington

• founder of Tuskegee Institute- a black university

• he would teach that they should become self-sufficient and gain practical knowledge instead of being civil rights activists from the bat and wanting a social change

W.E.B. Du Bois

• First African American to earn a doctoral degree (he got at Harvard)

• continued Booker T Washington’s movement of civil and political rights

What factors contributed to the settlement of the Great Plains?

Migration of U.S. citizens and foreign people such as northern Eurpeans and Canadians

A “restless” desire to better their lives economically

Exodusters

Massive migration of African Americans from the south to the Midwest

Cattle Drives

• Joseph G. McCoy was a livestock dealer and came up with idea to ship livestock through the recently built railroads to the west, specifically Texas

• they would also be shipped to chicago to be slaughtered and sold throughout the country

• Abilene was a meeting point for the north and the south, where McCoy lived and it became a major economic crossroad

• by 1871, 700,000 cattle would pass through Abilene, Kansas, annually

Who were the cowboys?

Mainly Native Americans, Mestizos, and Mexicans around Texas area that would herd animals

were mainly YSA

What led to the development of Chicago during this time?

• The cattle industry

• a fire that spread in the city- they stopped building with wood

• meat-packing industry

What were the challenges facing farmers in the new West?

• land was not fruitful

• harsh weather

• natural disasters

• high expenses in equipment

• many of those who would move to be farmers were often amateurs and didn’t know how to care for the land

what impact did mining have on the environment during this time?

• there was a mining industry in every state and territory

• crushed mountain rocks, striped topsoil and gravel from the hillsides creating steep sloped canyons and couldn’t sustain life

• created sandbars that clogged rivers and killed fish

• 12 billion tons of Sierra Nevada earth were “blasted: out of it and washed down the river

Mining towns

• Tombstone Nevada

• Virginia City, Nevada

• Cripple Creek, Colorado

• Leadville Colorado

• Deadwood, Dakota

• Belleville, California

What Challenges did women face in the West?

• they would spend all their time working their farms

• they were pioneers for farming in the west and felt it was “unbearable” and “unpleasant”

Juan Crow Era

• the lynching and segregation of Mexicans

Sand Creek Massacre

Native Americans Murdered a white family near Denver Colorado, the governor mandated that they should be killed, even the Native American tribes that weren’t involved (Cheyenne and Arapaho)

165 innocent and peaceful Native American were brutally and horrifically murdered

What were the U.S. Governments’ policies towards NAtive American at this time?

look it up

Custer’s Last Stand

• Custer went into Native American territory called Black Hill, and found it rich with gold

• Custer and his soldiers often found retaliation by the NA and Custer, and his soldiers were eventually all killed

What caused the decline of the American Bison (Buffalo)?

• the white commercial hunting of buffalo- were careless

• loss of habitat due to railroads

• competing for food against increased population of horses

• competed with Native Americans for food

• a drought affected grasslands, where buffalo would graze

What was the purpose and result of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887?

The purpose of the policy was to give allotted acres of land to Native American families, but Native Americans didn’t want that and instead, wanted to be free and not live under the white rule

Fredrick Jackson Turner’s Frontier Thesis

• Fredrick Jason Turner was a historian, and his thesis depicted how the shape of America was formed

• he explains how an arable, free, land with maintenance and control is how the US became developed