PTRS 710 Advanced Topics in Human Anatomy KUMC Exam 2

Which have direct connections to the thoracolumbar fascia?

External oblique and rectus abdominis

External oblique and transversus abdominis

Internal oblique and rectus abdominis

Internal oblique and transversus abdominis

Internal oblique and transversus abdominis

What is the only muscle that connects to the xiphoid process?

External oblique

Internal oblique

Rectus abdominis

Rectus abdominis

The __________ external oblique and the__________ internal oblique act to laterally flex the trunk to the left.

left, left

left, right

right, left

right, right

left, left

The __________ external oblique and the__________ internal oblique act to laterally flex the trunk to the right.

left, left

left, right

right, left

right, right

right, right

The __________ external oblique and the__________ internal oblique act to rotate the trunk to the right.

left, left

left, right

right, left

right, right

left, right

The __________ external oblique and the__________ internal oblique act to rotate the trunk to the left.

left, left

left, right

right, left

right, right

right, left

An injury to which spinal nerve would leave the function of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall unaffected?

T8

T10

T12

L2

L2

An injury to which spinal nerve would leave the function of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall impaired?

T5

T6

L1

L2

L1

An injury to which spinal nerve most likely result in hip flexion weakness?

T8

T10

T12

L2

L2

You are seeing a patient who is complaining of right lower quadrant pain. If this is due to a structure within the right lower quadrant, which is involved.

Appendix

Liver

Sigmoid colon

Spleen

Appendix

You are seeing a patient who is complaining of lower quadrant pain. If this is due to a structure within the left lower quadrant, which is involved.

Appendix

Liver

Sigmoid colon

Spleen

Sigmoid colon

You are seeing a patient who is complaining of left higher quadrant pain. If this is due to a structure within the left higher quadrant, which is involved.

Appendix

Liver

Sigmoid colon

Spleen

Spleen

You are seeing a patient who is complaining of right quadrant pain. If this is due to a structure within the right higher quadrant, which is involved.

Appendix

Liver

Sigmoid colon

Spleen

Liver

The lesser omentum passes between which structures?

Stomach and liver

Transverse colon and spleen

Transverse colon and liver

Stomach and spleen

Stomach and liver

Which represents the venous flow of blood through the liver?

Portal vein, hepatic veins, inferior vena cava

Inferior vena cava, hepatic veins, portal vein

Inferior vena cava, portal vein, hepatic veins

Hepatic veins, portal vein, inferior vena cava

Portal vein, hepatic vein, inferior vena cava

Which is the most superior portion of the stomach?

Fundus

Pyloric part

Cardia

Body

Fundus

Which represents the sequence of urine passing from within the kidney?

Renal pelvis, major calyx, minor calyx, ureter

Ureter, renal pelvis, major calyx, minor calyx

Minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter

Minor calyx, major calyx, ureter, renal pelvis

Minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter (oops messed this one up before, last answer wasn't correct)

Contraction of the muscles of the abdominal wall tends to __________ volume and __________ pressure within the abdominal cavity.

decrease, increase

increase, increase

decrease, decrease

increase, decrease

decrease, increase

Relaxation of the muscles of the abdominal wall tends to __________ volume and __________ pressure within the abdominal cavity.

decrease, increase

increase, increase

decrease, decrease

increase, decrease

increase, decrease

Which is the most inferior portion of the stomach?

Fundus

Pyloric part

Cardia

Body

Pyloric part

Which is the starting portion of the stomach?

Fundus

Pyloric part

Cardia

Body

Cardia

The umbilicus is a surface landmark that is most readily associated with which dermatome?

T10

L2

T8

T12

T10

The __________ joins with the large intestine where the ascending colon is continuous with the __________.

ileum, transverse colon

jejunum, cecum

ileum, cecum

jejunum, transverse colon

ileum, cecum

Which part of the duodenum crosses the midline of the body?

Superior

Ascending

Inferior

Descending

Inferior

Moving from external to internal, which is the sequence of structures encountered through the abdominal wall just inferior to the arcuate line?

Rectus sheath, rectus abdominis, rectus sheath parietal peritoneum, transversalis fascia

Rectus sheath, rectus abdominis, rectus sheath, transversalis fascia, parietal peritoneum

Rectus sheath, rectus abdominis, parietal peritoneum, transversalis fascia

Rectus sheath, rectus abdominis, transversalis fascia, parietal peritoneum

Rectus sheath, rectus abdominis, transversalis fascia, parietal peritoneum

Moving from external to internal, which is the sequence of structures encountered through the abdominal wall just superior to the arcuate line?

Rectus sheath, rectus abdominis, rectus sheath parietal peritoneum, transversalis fascia

Rectus sheath, rectus abdominis, rectus sheath, transversalis fascia, parietal peritoneum

Rectus sheath, rectus abdominis, parietal peritoneum, transversalis fascia

Rectus sheath, rectus abdominis, transversalis fascia, parietal peritoneum

Rectus sheath, rectus abdominis, transversalis fascia, parietal peritoneum

Injury to which nerve would impair the function of the iliacus?

Ilio-inguinal

Iliohypogastric

Genitofemoral

Femoral

Femoral

Cholecystitis may result in referred pain into which region?

Right back and hip

Left neck and shoulder

Left back and hip

Right neck and shoulder

Right neck and shoulder

The aponeurosis of which muscle forms the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

Internal oblique

Rectus abdominis

External oblique

Transversus abdominis

External oblique

Which attaches to rib 12?

Iliacus

Quadratus lumborum

Psoas major

Rectus abdominis

Quadratus lumborum

With an indirect hernia, the peritoneal sac enters the inguinal canal through the __________ and may exit through the __________.

superficial inguinal ring, abdominal wall

deep inguinal ring, abdominal wall

deep inguinal ring, superficial inguinal ring

abdominal wall, superficial inguinal ring

deep inguinal ring, superficial inguinal ring

With a direct hernia, the peritoneal sac enters the inguinal canal through the __________ and may exit through the __________.

superficial inguinal ring, abdominal wall

deep inguinal ring, abdominal wall

deep inguinal ring, superficial inguinal ring

abdominal wall, superficial inguinal ring

abdominal wall, superficial inguinal ring

Which is a retroperitoneal organ?

Stomach

Spleen

Gallbladder

Kidney

Kidney

Which join the liver to the anterior abdominal wall?

Falciform ligament and round ligament of the liver

Coronary ligaments and triangular ligaments

Coronary ligaments and round ligament of the liver

Falciform ligament and triangular ligaments

Falciform ligament and round ligament of the liver

Which flexes the trunk without being able to significantly influence lateral flexion or rotation?

Transversus abdominis

Rectus abdominis

Internal oblique

External oblique

Rectus abdominis

Moving from proximal to distal through the pyloric part of the stomach, which represents the sequence of structures encountered?

Sphincter, antrum, canal

Antrum, canal, sphincter

Sphincter, canal, antrum

Canal, antrum, sphincter

Antrum, canal, sphincter

wrong card

Intraperitoneal viscera is suspended by which structure in the peritoneum?

Parietal peritoneum

Visceral peritoneum

Mesenteries

Retroperitonial viscera

Mesenteries

What ligament on the lesser omentum passes between the stomach and liver?

Medial hepatogastric

Lateral hepatoduodenal

Coronary

Falciform

Medial hepatogastric

What ligament on the lesser omentum passes between the duodenum and liver?

Medial hepatogastric

Lateral hepatoduodenal

Coronary

Falciform

Lateral hepatoduodenal

The abdominal esophagus is innervated by?

anterior rami

posterior rami

left vagus nerve

ilioinguinal nerve

left vagus nerve

The ________ duodenum contains the openings for the pancreatic and bile ducts

Ascending

Descending

Superior

Inferior

Descending

The ileum opening is surrounded by the __________ to prevent reflux from the ______.

Ileocecal fold, appendix

rectum, ileocecal fold

Ileocecal fold, cecum

ileocecal fold, rectum

ileocecal fold, cecum

What sections of the colon are retroperitoneal?

Ascending, descending

Descending, transverse

Transverse, descending

Sigmoid, ascending

Ascending, descending

What sections of the colon are intraperitoneal?

Ascending, sigmoid

Descending, ascending

Transverse, sigmoid

Sigmoid, descending

Transverse, sigmoid

Which ligament joins the posterior joint surfaces of the sacroiliac joint?

Anterior sacroiliac joint ligament

Iliolumbar ligament

Interosseous ligament

Lumbosacral ligament

Interosseous ligament

The function of the levator ani and the __________ anal sphincter would be impaired by injury to the__________ nerve.

external, obturator

external, pudendal

internal, obturator

internal, pudendal

external, pudendal

In which section of the male urethra do the urinary and reproductive tracts merge?

Preprostatic

Prostatic

Membranous

Spongy

Prostatic

The sacroiliac joint is classified as which type of joint?

Synchondrosis

Syndesmosis

Symphysis

Synovial

Whichever one you didn't pick is the right answer

(syndesmosis and synovial plane joint are correct)

Which forms a portion of the posterior margin of the pelvic outlet?

Sacrotuberous ligament

Ischiopubic ramus

Ischial tuberosities

Interosseous ligament

Sacrotuberous ligament

Ischiopubic ramus (posterior, but more inferior to pelvic outlet)

ischial tuberosity (same as I ramus (above))

interosseous ligament (membrane is anterior on pelvis)

Sensation of the skin around the anus is associated with which segmental spinal level?

S4

S5

S3

S2

S5

The articulating surfaces of the sacroiliac joint are associated with which portion of the hip bone?

Ilium

Pubis

Ischium

Ilium

Compared to the male pelvis, the female pelvis typically exhibits a __________ pubic arch and __________ vertical dimensions.

wider, larger

narrower, smaller

wider, smaller

narrower, larger

wider, smaller

Compared to the female pelvis, the male pelvis typically exhibits a __________ pubic arch and __________ vertical dimensions.

wider, larger

narrower, smaller

wider, smaller

narrower, larger

narrower, larger

The lumbosacral zygapophyseal joints are aligned toward the __________ plane to provide stability against __________ translation of L5 on S1.

coronal, anterior

coronal, posterior

sagittal, anterior

sagittal, posterior

coronal, anterior

The sacroiliac joint is comprised of a __________ joint anteriorly and a __________ joint posteriorly.

synovial plane, cartilaginous synchondrosis

cartilaginous symphysis, fibrous syndesmosis

cartilaginous symphysis, cartilaginous synchondrosis

synovial plane, fibrous syndesmosis

synovial plane, fibrous syndesmosis

Which describes the conditions of the sacroiliac joint in which its joint surfaces are maximally congruent, and ligaments are maximally tensioned?

Nutation in non-weight bearing

Nutation in weight bearing

Counternutation in weight bearing

Counternutation in non-weight bearing

Nutation in weight bearing

This was a dumb question

The joint surfaces of the pubic symphysis are joined by which type of tissue?

Hyaline cartilage

Interosseus membrane

Fibrocartilage

Joint capsule

Fibrocartilage

Which forms a portion of the walls of the pelvic cavity?

Obturator internus

Obturator externus

Psoas major

Iliacus

Obturator internus

Which is most superior?

Perineal membrane

Deep perineal pouch

Superficial perineal pouch

Pelvic diaphragm

Pelvic diaphragm

In females, which is a portion of the pubococcygeus passing anterior to the anal aperture?

Puborectalis

Pubovaginalis

Puboanalis

Coccygeus

Pubovaginalis

In males, which is a portion of the pubococcygeus passing anterior to the anal aperture?

Puborectalis

Pubovaginalis

Puboanalis

Puboprostaticus

Puboprostaticus

Present only in females, the __________ is found within the __________ perineal pouch.

compressor urethrae, deep

compressor urethrae, superficial

ischiocavernosus, deep

ischiocavernosus, superficial

compressor urethrae, deep

ischiocavernosus is in both male and female, so we can eliminate these options immediately

An individual diagnosed with cauda equina syndrome is exhibiting associated impairments in bowel and bladder control. Which spinal nerve root is most likely affected?

S1

S5

S3

Coccygeal

S3

Which best describes the function of the puborectalis in maintaining fecal continence?

Contracts to widen angle of perineal flexure

Contracts to narrow angle of perineal flexure

Relaxes to narrow angle of perineal flexure

Relaxes to widen angle of perineal flexure

Contracts to narrow angle of perineal flexure

Which part of the male urethra is the location of the internal urethral sphincter?

Preprostatic

Prostatic

Membranous

Spongy

Prepostatic

Controlling urination involves reflexive __________ of the detrusor muscle and voluntary __________ of the external urethral sphincter

contraction, contraction

relaxation, relaxation

contraction, relaxation

relaxation, contraction

contraction, relaxation

Erection of the penis and clitoris occurs through the stimulation of __________ nerve fibers which facilitates __________ of the smooth muscle within the vessels of erectile tissues.

parasympathetic, relaxation

parasympathetic, contraction

sympathetic, relaxation

sympathetic, contraction

parasympathetic, relaxation

Ejaculation of the penis and clitoris occurs through the stimulation of __________ nerve fibers which facilitates __________ of the smooth muscle within the vessels of erectile tissues.

parasympathetic, relaxation

parasympathetic, contraction

sympathetic, relaxation

sympathetic, contraction

sympathetic, contraction

Which best describes the sequence of structures encountered moving from anterior to posterior within the female perineum?

Mons pubis, glans clitoris, urethral opening, vaginal opening

Mons pubis, glans clitoris, vaginal opening, urethral opening

Glans clitoris, mons pubis, urethral opening, vaginal opening

Glans clitoris, mons pubis, vaginal opening, urethral opening

Mons pubis, glans clitoris, urethral opening, vaginal opening

Which is the location of erectile tissues in females?

Deep perineal pouch

Pelvic cavity

Pelvic diaphragm

Superficial perineal pouch

Superficial perineal pouch

Which abdominal fibers does the cremaster muscle originate from?

External oblique

Internal oblique

Tranversus abdominis

Rectus abdominis

Internal oblique

What spermatic cord fascia arises from the aponeurosis of the external oblique?

External spermatic fascia

Cremasteric fascia

Internal spermatic fascia

External spermatic fascia

What spermatic cord fascia connects to the deep inguinal ring

External spermatic fascia

Cremasteric fascia

Internal spermatic fascia

Internal spermatic fascia

What spermatic cord fascia connects to the superficial inguinal ring?

External spermatic fascia

Cremasteric fascia

Internal spermatic fascia

External spermatic fascia

Parasympathetic fibers originating from the ______ causes arteries to relax during erection.

Lateral horn of S3-S5

Anterior horn of S3-S5

Lateral horn of S2-S4

Anterior horn of S2-S4

Lateral horn of S2-S4

During erection, parasympathetic stimulation travels from _______ rami to _________ nerves.

posterior, pelvic splanchnic

posterior, vagus

anterior, vagus

anterior, pelvic splanchnic

anterior, pelvic splanchnic

What nerve supplies the skin on the ventral region of the penis?

Genitofemoral nerve

Perineal nerve

Pudendal nerve

Ilioinguinal nerve

Perineal nerve

What nerve supplies the skin on the dorsal region of the penis?

Genitofemoral nerve

Perineal nerve

Pudendal nerve

Ilioinguinal nerve

Pudendal nerve

The cremaster muscle functions to _______ the testis during ______ temperatures.

elevate, hot

elevate, cold

depress, hot

depress, cold

elevate, cold

The broad ligament of the uterus suspends the ovaries in what plane?

Sagittal

Coronal

Transverse

Coronal

Which nerve receives a portion of its segmental innervation from L3?

Iliohypogastric

Lateral femoral cutaneous

Genitofemoral

Ilioinguinal

Lateral femoral cutaneous

Which describes the segmental levels supplying the common fibular portion of the sciatic nerve?

L4, L5, S1

L5, S1, S2

L4, L5, S1, S2

L4, L5, S1, S2, S3

L4, L5, S1, S2

Which describes the segmental levels supplying the pudendal nerve?

S2, S3, S4

L5, S1, S2

S1, S2, S3

L4, L5, S1, S2, S3

S2, S3, S4

Which describes the segmental levels supplying the tibial portion of the sciatic nerve?

L4, L5, S1

L5, S1, S2

L4, L5, S1, S2

L4, L5, S1, S2, S3

L4, L5, S1, S2, S3

Which describes the segmental levels supplying a portion of the superior gluteal nerve?

L4, L5, S1

L5, S1, S2

L4, L5, S1, S2

L4, L5, S1, S2, S3

L4, L5, S1

Which describes the segmental levels supplying a portion of the inferior gluteal nerve?

L4, L5, S1

L5, S1, S2

L4, L5, S1, S2

L4, L5, S1, S2, S3

L5, S1, S2

A patient presents with diminished sensation through the anterior thigh and medial leg, hip flexion and knee extension weakness, and a hyporeflexive quadriceps muscle stretch reflex. Which peripheral nerve is most likely affected by a lesion?

Obturator nerve

Genitofemoral nerve

Femoral nerve

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

Femoral nerve

A patient presents with diminished sensation through the medial thigh, hip flexion, and hip adductor weakness, and no muscle reflex. Which peripheral nerve is most likely affected by a lesion?

Obturator nerve

Genitofemoral nerve

Femoral nerve

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

Obturator nerve

A patient presents with diminished sensation through the upper anterior thigh, no muscle weakness, and no muscle stretch reflex. Which peripheral nerve is most likely affected by a lesion?

Obturator nerve

Genitofemoral nerve (femoral)

Genitofemoral nerve (genital)

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

Genitofemoral nerve (femoral)

A patient presents with diminished sensation through the perineum, cremaster weakness, and no muscle stretch reflex. Which peripheral nerve is most likely affected by a lesion?

Obturator nerve

Genitofemoral nerve (femoral branch)

Genitofemoral nerve (genital branch)

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

Genitofemoral nerve (genital)

A patient presents with diminished sensation through the anterior lateral thigh, no muscle weakness, and no muscle stretch reflex. Which peripheral nerve is most likely affected by a lesion?

Obturator nerve

Genitofemoral nerve

Femoral nerve

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

A patient presents with diminished sensation through the medial distal thigh and medial knee, knee extension weakness, and a hyporeflexia response with muscle stretch reflex testing of the quadriceps. Which is most likely affected by a lesion?

L3

A patient presents with diminished sensation through the anterior thigh and medial leg, hip flexion and knee extension weakness, and a hyporeflexive quadriceps muscle stretch reflex. Which is most likely affected by a lesion?

femoral nerve lesion

Referred pain from the kidneys is typically experienced in dermatomes of which segmental spinal levels?

T5 to L2

T10 to L1

S2 to S4

T1 to T5

T10 to L1

A lesion of which spinal nerve would affect the function of the superior gluteal nerve?

L5

L3

L1

S2

L5

Injury to which structure would lead to sensory impairments over the posterior heel?

Tibial portion of sciatic nerve

L4 spinal nerve

Common fibular portion of sciatic nerve

L5 spinal nerve

Tibial portion of sciatic

Visceral afferents traveling with parasympathetic fibers from the cervix, bladder, and urethra carry signals associated with which of the following?

pain

reflex activity

reflex activity and pain

reflex activity and pain

A patient presents with diminished sensation through the medial thigh, hip adduction weakness, and no abnormalities with muscle stretch reflexes. Which is most likely affected by a lesion?

Femoral nerve

Superior gluteal nerve

Obturator nerve

Common fibular portion of sciatic nerve

Obturator nerve