Comprehensive Guide to Seasonal Allergies and Allergic Rhinitis
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22 Terms
What type of immune response is involved in allergic rhinitis?
Immunoglobulin E and mast cell mediated
What are common symptoms of allergic rhinitis?
Sneezing, rhinorrhea (runny nose), nasal pruritis (itching), and congestion
What percentage of the population is affected by allergic rhinitis?
10 to 20%
At what ages does allergic rhinitis peak in incidence?
Ages 10 to 25
What are the two types of allergic rhinitis?
Annual and perennial
What allergens are associated with annual allergic rhinitis?
Pollen, ragweed, grasses
What allergens are associated with perennial allergic rhinitis?
Dust, animals, smoke, detergents, soaps/scents, molds
What is a common characteristic of nasal discharge in allergic rhinitis?
Clear nasal discharge (may be green/yellow in the morning)
What associated conditions are commonly linked with allergic rhinitis?
Asthma, atopic dermatitis (eczema), nasal polyps
What is an essential part of the evaluation for allergic rhinitis?
Detailed history and physical exam
What type of testing is good for identifying environmental allergens?
Skin testing
What does RAST testing measure?
IgE levels in the blood
What is the first step in treating allergic rhinitis?
Avoid the allergen
What are two types of nasal steroids used in treatment?
Fluticasone (Flonase) and Mometasone (Nasonex)
What are common side effects of nasal steroids?
Nose bleeds and migraines
Name three second-generation oral antihistamines.
Fexofenadine (Allegra), Cetirizine (Zyrtec), Levocetirizine (Xyzal)
What is a potential side effect of second-generation antihistamines?
Dryness of mucous membranes and drowsiness
What is the role of immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis?
Targets specific allergens and requires multiple office visits
What environmental considerations can help manage allergies?
Regular cleaning, using AC, HEPA filters, and showering after outdoor activities
What should individuals with perennial allergies remember about their medications?
Do not stop taking medications
How can nasal congestion affect athletes?
It can impair sleep and oxygenation/workout capacity
What did a study of German athletes reveal about allergies and performance?
80% reported impairment of sports performance from allergies, most were undertreated