History - USA Civil Rights Movement

Which amendment to the US Constitution abolished slavery?

The 13th Amendment

What did the 14th Amendment to the US Constitution guarantee for all citizens?

Equal protection under the law

Which amendment to the US Constitution guaranteed a citizen’s right to vote?

The 15th Amendment

What important Supreme Court case was heard in 1896?

Plessy v. Ferguson

What was the name given to the segregation laws passed in the South?

Jim Crow laws

What does NAACP stand for?

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

In which year was the Brown vs Board of Education ruling handed down by the US Supreme Court?

1954

What doctrine associated with segregation was overturned as a result of the Brown vs Board of Education ruling?

Separate but equal

What is the Supreme Court’s perspective on segregation?

Denial of equal protection under the law given to all citizens in the 14th Amendment

Who was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who presided over the decision in Brown vs Board of Education?

Earl Warren

What ‘welfare’ factor was central to the decision in Brown vs Board of Education?

Psychological and emotional trauma

What was the vote count in the Brown vs Board decision?

9 for, and 0 against

In which US state is the city of Montgomery?

Alabama

Who refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery bus starting the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

Rosa Parks

How much was she fined for refusing to give up her seat for a white passenger?

$14

What does MIA stand for in the context of the Montgomery bus boycott?

Montgomery Improvement Association

What alternative means of transport was arranged by middle class blacks to replace the bus system?

Carpooling

In which year did the Montgomery bus boycott essentially run?

1955-1956

Which CRM leader emerged as a key figure during the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

Martin Luther King Jr.

What was the protest philosophy that underpinned this CRM leader’s approach?

Nonviolent resistance

In which state beginning with the letter ‘A’ is Little Rock?

Arkansas

Who was the Governor of this state who resisted the desegregation of Little Rock High School?

Orval Faubus

Why did the Governor of Arkansas change his position on school integration and come to oppose it?

Political pressure and public opinion

How many African-American students were enrolled to start at Little Rock High School in September 1957?

9

What happened to Schools in Arkansas during the school year 1958-59?

They were closed to avoid integration.

Approximately what percentage of Arkansas’ black students were enrolled in integrated schools by 1963?

Very little, approximately 1-5%

Name two white opposition groups that resisted the CRM?

White Citizens' Council & Ku Klux Klan

Who was the US President that sent in US Army troops to protect the African American students so they could attend classes?

Dwight D. Eisenhower

What was this President’s attitude to integration?

Supportive, but cautious

How long did the US Army troops remain in Little Rock to protect the students?

Until the end of the school year (1958-59)