Chapter 13 Ground Handling and Servicing

What are three possible hazards during ground operations?

Fire during engine starting, turning props or rotors, foreign objects

What is the most commonly used knot for tying down small aircraft?

The bowline.

What precautions should be taken while starting and running an aircraft engine?

Study the Airplane Flight Manual, ensure the propeller area is clear, check for loose objects, and have a fire guard nearby.

What should you do if an engine induction fire occurs while starting a reciprocating engine?

Continue cranking to start the engine; if it doesn't start, extinguish the fire with a fire extinguisher.

What safety procedures must be followed when hand-propping a small aircraft engine?

Be trained, have a qualified person in the cockpit, check brakes, call 'SWITCH OFF', and swing the prop with the flat of your hand.

What procedure should be followed to detect or prevent hydraulic lock in a large radial engine?

Pull the propeller through by hand for three or four revolutions; resistance indicates possible hydraulic lock.

What causes hydraulic lock in large radial engines?

Oil seeps by piston rings and accumulates in the combustion chamber, causing seizure during the compression stroke.

What does 'Hot Start' mean when starting a jet engine?

Ignition occurs with an excessively rich mixture, causing a rapid temperature rise.

When towing an aircraft, which brakes should be used to stop the aircraft?

Tow vehicle brakes should be used, except in emergencies when aircraft brakes may be used.

Why should an aircraft technician be familiar with standard light signals?

They are used when taxiing without a radio or when the radio is inoperative.

What happens if aviation gasoline is mixed with jet fuel in a reciprocating engine?

It may damage or destroy the engine.

What does the number 100 signify in 100LL aviation gasoline?

It refers to the lean mixture performance number (octane rating) of the fuel.

Is it permissible to use avgas in a turbine engine?

Limited operation may be allowed, but continued use may reduce efficiency due to lead deposits.

What are the possible outcomes of using a lower grade of avgas than specified?

Increased chance of engine damage, loss of power, and overheating.

What markings must be placed adjacent to fuel filler openings for reciprocating engine-powered airplanes?

The fuel grade and the word 'AVGAS.'

What precautions should be observed when fueling an aircraft?

Use the correct fuel, properly ground the aircraft and refueling unit, and protect surfaces from damage.

What markings are required for oil tank filler openings in piston engine powered airplanes?

The word 'OIL' and permissible grades/types or a reference to the Airplane Flight Manual.

Where can standard aircraft taxi hand signals be found?

In the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM).

When should a reciprocating engine be pre-oiled?

Prior to starting a new engine or one that has been preserved for storage.

Under what conditions may automobile gasoline be used in an aircraft engine?

Only if approved by the FAA, usually via a Supplemental Type Certificate (STC).

What are the indications of water in aircraft fuel after draining a sample?

The sample may appear cloudy or hazy or contain a solid slug of water.