Social Studies Final Study

Primary Source

Information from someone who saw or lived through the event

Secondary Source

Information written later by someone who did NOT experience the event

Geography

Study of Earth and people

Four Social Sciences

History, Geography, Economics, Political Science

Bering Land Bridge

Land people used to migrate from Asia to North America

Silk Road

Trade route between Europe and Asia

Monotheism

Belief in one God

Polytheism

Belief in many gods

Feudalism

System where kings owned land and nobles/serfs worked it

Serfs

Poor workers tied to the land

Black Plague

Deadly disease that killed many people in Europe

Magna Carta

Document that limited the king's power

Crusades

Religious wars between Christians and Muslims

Mayflower Compact

Agreement for self-government in the colonies

Protestant Reformation

Movement to change the Catholic Church

Northwest Passage

Water route explorers searched for to Asia

Renaissance

Time of art, learning, and new ideas

House of Burgesses

First elected government in the colonies

French and Indian War

War between Britain and France in North America

Ohio Valley

Land area fought over in the war

Albany Plan of Union

Plan to unite the colonies

Stamp Act

Tax on paper and printed items

Boston Massacre

British soldiers killed colonists

Boston Tea Party

Colonists dumped tea into the harbor

Lexington & Concord

First battles of the Revolution

Fort Ticonderoga

Captured for weapons

Common Sense

Pamphlet calling for independence

Battle of Bunker Hill

Early major battle

Declaration of Independence

Document declaring freedom from Britain

Hessians

German soldiers hired by Britain

Battle of Trenton

Washington crossed the Delaware River

Battle of Saratoga

Turning point of the war

Valley Forge

Harsh winter camp for soldiers

Battle of Yorktown

Final major battle

Treaty of Paris

Ended the Revolutionary War

Shay's Rebellion

Farmers protested debt and taxes

Constitution

Plan for how the U.S. government works

Executive Branch

President carries out laws

Legislative Branch

Congress makes laws

Judicial Branch

Supreme Court interprets laws

Federalism

Power is shared between states and federal government

First Amendment

Freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, petition

Federalists

Supported the Constitution

Anti-Federalists

Opposed the Constitution

Great Compromise

Created two-house Congress

Three-Fifths Compromise

Enslaved people counted for population

XYZ Affair

France demanded money from U.S. diplomats

Alien & Sedition Acts

Limited immigrants and speech

Marbury v. Madison

Gave Supreme Court judicial review power

Judicial Review

Court can decide if laws are unconstitutional

Louisiana Purchase

U.S. bought land from France

War of 1812

War between U.S. and Britain

Monroe Doctrine

Europe should stay out of Americas

Industrial Revolution

Machines changed how goods were made

American System

Roads, banks, and tariffs to grow economy

Sectionalism

Loyalty to your region instead of country

Era of Good Feelings

Time of national unity

Trail of Tears

Forced relocation of Native Americans

Manifest Destiny

Belief the U.S. should expand west

Oregon Trail

Route used to travel west

Underground Railroad

Secret network helping enslaved people escape

Abolitionist

Person who wanted to end slavery

George Washington

First president, Revolutionary War leader

Thomas Jefferson

Wrote Declaration of Independence

Benjamin Franklin

Inventor, diplomat, founding father

Alexander Hamilton

First Secretary of Treasury

James Madison

Father of the Constitution

John Adams

Second U.S. president

Samuel Adams

Patriot leader

Thomas Paine

Wrote Common Sense

Andrew Jackson

President; connected to Trail of Tears

Frederick Douglass

Former enslaved person and abolitionist

Harriet Tubman

Led enslaved people to freedom

William Lloyd Garrison

Abolitionist writer

Martin Luther

Started Protestant Reformation

Leonardo da Vinci

Renaissance artist and inventor

Sacagawea

Helped Lewis and Clark

Squanto

Helped Pilgrims survive

Tecumseh

Native American leader

Baron von Steuben

Trained American soldiers

Benedict Arnold

American traitor

Crispus Attucks

First person killed in Boston Massacre