history

casablanca conference

Agreement on unconditional surrender of Axis powers. Strengthened alliance.

potsdam conference

Tension between truman and stalin, disagreements over germany and east europe. Began breakdown.

truman doctrine

US pledged to stop the spread of communism. Seen as anti-soviet, increased tensions.

marshall plan

US aided Europe to rebuilt. USSR didn’t like this, increased tensions.

Germany

Divided into east (communist) and west berlin (democratic). division.

nato Warsaw pact

Formalized cold war split (NATO was US and allies, Warsaw was USSR and allies).

Truman

Policy of Containment Gave $400 million to Greece and Turkey Potsdam Conference Domino Theory Korean War (proxy war)

Stalin

Development of atomic bombs in USSR

Set up satellite states in Europe 

COMECON aid 

Berlin Blockade

Zedong

Great Leap Forward

Cultural Revolution

1969 Border Conflict with USSR

Eisenhower

New Look Policy

Threatened nuclear war to end Korean War

Built up Air Force and nuclear development programs

Nasser

Arab-nationalism Built Aswan Dam Nationalized Suez Canal Second Arab–Israeli war

Khrushchev

Hungarian Uprising Built the Berlin Wall Cuban Missile Crisis Tensions with Mao over Taiwan Crisis and 1957-58 meetings

Castro

Led Cuban Revolution

CIA-backed Bay of Pigs Invasion failed to take him out of power

Allowed soviets to set up missiles in Cuba

Anti-American rhetoric with Vietnam War

Kennedy

Flexible Response Strategy

Alliance for Progress (in Latin America)

Cuban Missile Crisis

Vietnam War 

(proxy war)

Breznev

Invasion of Czechoslovakia Criticized Mao SALT I and II Breznev doctrine  1969 border conflict with China

Johnson

Containing communism in Vietnam (proxy war)

Nixon

Detente

SALT I

Opened trade with China

Vietnamization

Covert Ops in Chile

Ford

Continued Nixon’s detente theories SALT II 1975 Helsinki Accords

Carter

Refuses to ratify SALT II  End of detente with USSR Country Reports on Human Rights Practices Panama Canal Treaty

Reagan

Peace through strength strategy Increased US defense spending by $1.5 trillion Challenged USSR to tear down Berlin Wall

Gorbachev

Glasnost and Perestroika reforms Berlin Wall torn down Deposed in 1991 Last Soviet Premier

Berlin blockade

Europe

USSR blocked west berlin, US airlifted supplies

hunngarian uprising

Europe

Hungary tried to leave communism, failed

suez crisis

Middle East

Egypt nationalized canal, british/france/israel invaded

north Korean invasion of South korea

Asia	North invaded south

Taiwan crisis

Asia	China threatened taiwan

Berlin wall

Europe

Built to stop east germans from fleeing

cuban missile crisis

Americas

USSR placed missiles in cuba

Prague Spring

Europe

Czechoslovakia tried reforms, USSR invaded

soviet invasion of afghanistan

Asia	USSR invaded, war with US supported resistance

4. What was Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD)?

Both sides had enough nuclear weapons to destroy each other, no one could win so no war.

5. In what ways did the superpowers attempt to ease tensions during the Cold War?

Arms control agreements (salt), diplomacy between leaders, trade, cooperation, cultural exchanges.

reasons for end of cold war: Ideological challenges

people questioned communism’s effectiveness

reasons for end of cold war: dissent

•  protests in eastern europe

reasons for end of cold war: economic problems

USSR economy weak, couldn’t compete with US

reasons for end of cold war: Berlin wall

• Fell in 1989, symbol of communist collapse

reasons for end of cold war: collapse of ussr

•  broke into independent states in 1991.

9. In what ways was the Truman Doctrine applied in the Americas?

Supported anti communist govs, aided countries to prevent communism

10. How did McCarthyism impact the United States domestically?

Fear of communism, blacklists, accusations, loss of jobs

11. How did McCarthyism impact American foreign policy?

More aggressive containment, distrust of diplomacy

Why did the US become involved in the Korean War?

stop spread of communism

What was the American military role in Korea?

led un forces

What were the political outcomes of the Korean War?

korea remained divided

13. Which of the following was not a characteristic of Eisenhower’s New Look?

1. Mass production of nuclear weapons

2. Increased use of the CIA

3. Strengthened alliances

4. Detente

5. Maintain economy

detente

14. List 3 cold war events in which nuclear war was threatened?

•  Cuban missile crisis

•  Berlin crisis

•  Korean war

15. List 3 cold war events in which the CIA conducted covert operations to prevent communism.

• Bay of pigs

•  Congo crisis

•  afghanistan

16. What were the repercussions of the New Look policy?

Increased nuclear reliance, risk of massive retaliation, lower conventional forces

Why did the US become involved in the Vietnam War?

containment

What was the American military role in Vietnam?

Ground troops, bombing

What were the domestic effects of the Vietnam War?

Protests, division, distrust of govenrment

6. China became a ___country after the Chinese Civil War between the communists and the___ .  The communists were led by __. Mao started a program called the _ which was designed to increase farm and industrial output.

communist, nationalist, mao Zedong, great leap forward

7. When the ____ vacated Vietnam after the Battle of Dien Bien Phu, Vietnam was divided. The leader of the communists in the North was ____. The Americans attempted to combat the spread of communism to ____, but failed.

french, ho chi Minh, vietnam

8. After the conflict in Korea, the area remained divided at the _____

38th parallel

9. After WWII, Germany was split between East and West. The city of Berlin was located in the _____, so it was also split between the superpowers. The countries of ________had control over West Germany and Berlin, while the _____ had control of the East. To mark the tension between these superpowers and prevent East Germans from migrating west, the _____ was built. 

east, US britain France, USSR, Berlin wall

17.Why was an airlift needed to overcome the Soviet blockade of West Berlin?

USSR blocked land routes, us had to fly in supplies

10. In 1962, US spy planes first photograph Soviet ____ in Cuba. The US had missiles placed in ____. After 13 days of negotiations, US leader _____  and USSR leader ____ agree to remove missiles from their respective locations. This event is known as the _____.

missiles, Kennedy, Khrushchev, Cuban missile crisis

11. The USSR invaded Afghanistan because the _______ oppose communist rule. These people felt communism was atheist. The Soviets ended up leaving the conflict because of _______-

mujahideen, US support resistance high costs