Lecture Exam #1 - Intermediate and Deep Back

C7-T2 Spinous Processes

Serratus Posterior Superior Origin

Ribs 2-4 (some say Rib 1 or 5)

Serratus Posterior Superior Insertion

Elevate ribs during forceful inspiration, Rib proprioception

Serratus Posterior Superior Action

T11-L2 Spinous Processes

Serratus Posterior Inferior Origin

Ribs 9-11 (some say Rib 8 or 12)

Serratus Posterior Inferior Insertion

Depress ribs during forceful expiration, Rib proprioception

Serratus Posterior Inferior Action

Ligamentum Nuchae

Splenius Capitis Origin

Lateral part of Superior Nuchal Line and Mastoid Process

Splenius Capitis Insertion

Spinous processes of upper thoracic vertebrae

Splenius Cervicis Origin

Transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae

Splenius Cervicis Insertion

Extends head and neck

Splenius Muscles Action

Erector Spinae

Sacrum, Iliac Crest

Erector Spinae Origin

Laterally flexes the trunk toward the ipsilateral side; Extends Trunk

Erector Spinae Action

Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis

Erector Spinae Muscles from Lateral to Medial

Angle of Rib

Iliocostalis Insertion

Transverse processes

Longissimus Insertion

Spinous processes

Spinalis Insertion

Long; superficial

Semispinalis length and depth

Intermediate

Multifidi length and depth

Short; deep

Rotatores lenght and depth

5-8

Semispinalis number of crossed intervertebral junctions

2-4

Multifidi number of crossed intervertebral junctions

1-2

Rotatores number of crossed intervertebral junctions

Transverse Processes of C3-T6

Semispinalis Capitis Origin

Occipital Bone

Semispinalis Capitis Insertion

Semispinalis Capitis

Transverse Processes of Thoracic Vertebrae

Origin of Semispinalis Cervicis and Thoracis Muscles

Spinous Processes of C2-C7

Semispinalis Cervicis Insertion

Spinous Processes of T1-T4

Semispinalis Thoracis Insertion

Sacrum, Posterior Superior Iliac Spine, Mammillary Processes of Lumbar Vertebra

Multifidus Origin

Spinous Processes of vertebrae

Multifidus Insertion

Transverse Process

Origin of Rotatores Longus and Brevis Muscles

Base of Spinous Processes

Insertion of Rotatores Longus and Brevis Muscles

Extends the head and neck

Semispinalis Capitis Action

Extends the spine

Action of Semispinalis Cervicis and Thoracis

Extends the spine

Multifidus Action

Extends the spine

Action of Rotatores Longus and Brevis

Suboccipital Triangle

flex the head toward ipsilateral side; extend head

Suboccipital Triangle Actions

Tectorial Membrane

Cruciate Ligament

interconnects the Occipital Bone, C1 and C2

Superior Longitudinal Band

Connects up to Occipital bone

Transverse Ligament of the Atlas

Stabilizes the Dens to the Anterior Arch of C1

Inferior Longitudinal Band

Connects down to Body of C2

Alar Ligaments

Alar Ligaments

connect up Dens with Occipital Bone

Vertebral Artery

Seen between the Suboccipital Triangle

Vertebral Artery

Runs through Transverse Foramina of C1-C6

Sacral Promontory

Center of gravity is just anterior and distinguish between L5 and S1

Concave Posterior

Cervical and Lumbar curvature

Convex Posterior

Thoracic and Sacral curvature

Kyphotic

Deformity that's usually and caused with aging and osteoporosis

Lordotic

Deformity that's usually lumbar caused from weak trunk muscles; pregnancy; obesity

Scoliotic

Deformity common in adolescent girls not associated with neurological problems

Bone, Epidural Space, Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater, CSF, Pia Mater, Spinal Cord

Order of Laminectomy

Spina Bifida Occulta

Hair on lower lumbar region

Meningocele

Dura and Arachnoid Mater herniate through defect in vertebral arch

Meningomyelocele

Meninges and spinal cord herniate through defect in vertebral arch

Myeloschisis

Neurulation fails to occur at caudal end of neural crest

Anencephaly

Neurulation fails to occur at cranial end of neural crest