Ch 5: Selecting the Ventilator and the Mode Flashcards

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering mechanical ventilation modes, breath types, and support levels from Chapter 5 lecture notes.

Continuous mandatory ventilation (CMV)

A timing technique for breath delivery where breaths are either time- or patient-triggered and all breaths are mandatory.

Intermittent mechanical ventilation (IMV)

A delivery technique where the patient receives a set number of mandatory breaths but can breath spontaneously between them at the desired baseline pressure.

Continuous spontaneous ventilation (CSV)

A timing of breath delivery where all breaths are spontaneous and patient-triggered.

Full ventilatory support (FVS)

A state where the ventilator provides all energy necessary for effective alveolar ventilation, using rates $> 8 \, \text{breaths/min}$ and preset volume or pressure.

Partial ventilatory support (PVS)

A state where the patient participates in the work of breathing (WOB) with rates $< 6 \, \text{breaths/min}$.

Mandatory Breath

A type of breath where the ventilator controls the timing, tidal volume, or inspiratory pressure.

Spontaneous Breath

A breath where the patient controls the timing and the tidal volume based on patient demand and lung characteristics.

Assisted Breath

A breath that has characteristics of both mandatory and spontaneous types, where all or part of the breath is generated by the ventilator.

Volume-controlled Ventilation (VC)

A targeting method where volume is constant and pressure is based on patient’s lung characteristics; it guarantees specific volume delivery and can maintain a certain $PaCO_2$.

Pressure-controlled Ventilation (PC)

A targeting method where pressure is the independent variable and volume delivery changes as lung characteristics change; it is considered a lung protective strategy.

Volume-controlled CMV (VC-CMV)

Also called volume-targeted continuous mandatory ventilation, where all breaths are mandatory; if patient-triggered, it is referred to as assisted.

Pressure-controlled CMV (PC-CMV)

Also called pressure-targeted continuous mandatory ventilation or simply pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV); all breaths are time or patient triggered, pressure targeted, and time cycled.

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

A spontaneous mode used to improve oxygenation in patients with refractory hypoxemia and a low FRC.

Pressure support ventilation (PSV)

A mode where the ventilator provides a constant pressure during inspiration once it senses the patient has made an inspiratory effort.

Bilevel positive airway pressure (bilevel PAP)

A form of pressure ventilation often used in NIV, also referred to as biphasic positive airway pressure or bilevel pressure assist.

Pressure augmentation (PAug)

Also known as volume-assured pressure support (VAPS), it provides pressure-limited ventilation with volume delivery targeted for every breath.

Pressure-regulated volume control (PRVC)

A volume-targeted, pressure control breath mode.

Volume-support ventilation

A mode that is essentially pressure support with a volume target.

Mandatory minute ventilation (MMV)

Also called minimum or augmented minute ventilation, used primarily for weaning; the ventilator provides whatever part of the minute ventilation the patient cannot achieve alone.

Adaptive Support Ventilation (ASV)

A variation of mandatory minute ventilation where the ventilator automatically selects tidal volume and respiratory rate based on the patient’s ideal body weight and lung mechanics.

Airway Pressure-Release Ventilation (APRV)

A mode designed to provide two levels of CPAP allowing spontaneous breathing at both levels, where auto-PEEP is intentionally present as expiratory flow is not permitted to return to baseline.

Proportional Assist Ventilation (PAV)

A positive feedback system where pressure, flow, and volume delivery are proportional to the patient’s spontaneous effort and the degree of amplification selected by the clinician.

Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist (NAVA)

A mode that relies on measuring the diaphragmatic EMG signal via a specialized nasogastric tube to control the timing and pressure of gas delivery.