AP HUG unit 6 review - vocab yay

Urbanization

Movement of people from rural to cities

Site

Absolute location, ex; on a hill

Situation

Relative location, ex; on a hill

Suburbanization

People moving to the outskirts of a city

Gravity model

Shows the degree to which two places will interact

Christaller’s Central Place Theory

Large settlements provide high-order goods, while small settlements provide low-order goods

Urban sprawl

Tendency of cities to grow outward in an unchecked manner

Edge city

Commercial center on the outskirts of a large city

Boomburb

Places with more than 100,000 residents, but they are not core cities

Exurb

Low-density development located beyond the suburbs that is often inhabited by “well-to-do” families

Suburbs

Populated areas on the outskirts of a city

Squatter settlements

Shelters made out of scrap metal and wood; areas of extreme poverty

Redevelopment

New construction on a site that has pre-existing uses

Zoning

Only certain land uses are permitted

High Density Housing

Made to house many people, ex: high-rise apartments

Metropolitan area

City and surrounding areas

Infill

Development on vacant land within an urban area

Ecological footprint

Impact on the environment, expressed as the amount of land requires to sustain their use of natural resources

Walkability

Measure of how safe and easy it is to walk in a city

Farmland Protection Policy Agency (FPPA)

U.S laws that grant municipalities oversight over federally funded development projects on farmlands

Transport oriented development

Pedestrian friendly, mixed use areas, near a transit station

Green belts

Zones of grassy, forested, or agricultural land separating urban areas

Mixed use development

Different types of development in a neighborhood, such as residential, business, and entertainment

Brownfields

Properties whose use or development may be complicated by the potential presence of hazardous substances or pollutants

Redlining

Banks refuse to offer home loans based on a neighborhoods racial makeup

Disamenity zone

Areas with limited or no city services, often located on the outskirts or in a neglected urban cores. High poverty area- squatter settlements

Slow-growth cities

Promotes limiting urban sprawl and saving natural areas and usable farmland

Smart growth policies

Tries to create sustainable areas by designing to be more efficient and environmentally friendly

Blockbusting

Real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at a low price because black families are moving into their neighborhood

Gentrification

Improvements made that middle-class people would like, pushes out lower-income and brings in middle-to-high-income

Urban heat island

A mass of warm air in cities, generated by urban building materials and human activities, that sits over a city

Environmental injustice

Communities of color and the poor are more likely to experience environmental problems, like contaminated water