DTE - Physical and working properties 2

What are the 2 categories of polymers?

Thermoforming and thermosetting

What are thermoforming polymers?

polymers which can soften when they are heated and can be shaped when hot

What are the properties of thermoforming polymers?

-They become soft and flexible when heated

-They are easy to recycle

-they can be remoulded without affecting the materials physical properties

What is the structure of thermoforming polymers?

they are built up of long chains of loose molecules that have no fixed structure or pattern

What are thermoforming polymers used for?

vacuum forming, injection mould, blow moulding

What are thermosetting polymers?

polymer chains with cross-links between them which are difficult to break apart so will not soften but will eventually char if heated very strongly

What are the properties of thermosetting polymers?

-The plastic cannot be reformed once it is set

-harder, brittle and rigid

-It is harder to recycle

-good resistance to heat and chemicals

What is the structure of thermosetting polymers?

They have strong chemical bond which don't separate when heated

They are built up with many cross links between them which stops the molecular chains in the plastic from moving

Is PET a thermoforming or thermosetting polymer

thermoforming

What is PET

polyethylene terephthalate

What are the properties of PET

-clear or coloured with a smooth finish

-easily blow moulded

-chemically resistant

-fully recyclable

What is PET used for?

-Food wraps

-bottles

-Food packaging

-yarn

Is PVC a thermoforming or thermosetting polymer?

thermoforming

What is PVC

Polyvinyl chloride

What are the properties of PVC

-chemically resistant

-flexible

-tough

-easily extruded

What is PVC used for?

pipes, packaging, insulating tape, air mattresses, rain coats and children's toys

Is PP a thermoforming or thermosetting polymer?

Thermoforming

What is PP

Polypropylene

What are the properties of PP

Lightweight

rigid

food safe

easily cleaned

excellent chemical resistance

versatile

low moisture absorption

good impact resistance

What is PP used for?

takeout meals, deli foods, fibre rope, medical and kitchen products

Is HIPS a thermoforming or thermosetting polymer?

thermoforming

What is HIPS?

High Impact Polystyrene

What are the properties of HIPS?

impact resistant

flexible

lightweigt

Good strength

Good toughness

shatterproof

good insulator

used for vacuum forming

What is HIPS used for?

children's toys, food containers, yoghurt pots and egg boxes

Is PMMA a thermoforming or thermosetting polymer?

thermoforming

What is PMMA?

Acrylic

What are the properties of PMMA?

They are lightweight, durable, tough and coloured

What is PMMA used for?

car lights, hats, gloves, modern bathtubs, display stands, clothing and alternatives to glass

Is LDPE a thermoforming or thermosetting polymer?

Thermoforming

What is LDPE

low density polyethylene

What are the properties of LDPE

-Good electrical insulator

-Chemical resistant

-Flexible

-can be made into films

What is LDPE used for?

plastic films, bags, and shrink wrap, as well as squeeze bottles and some containers

Is HDPE a thermoforming or thermosetting polymer?

Thermoforming

What is HDPE

high density polyethylene

What are the properties of HDPE

-Lightweight

-rip and chemical resistant

-stiff and resists cracking

What is HDPE used for?

Milk bottles, pipes, crates, wheelie bins

Is PR a thermoforming or thermosetting polymer?

Thermosettting

What is PR?

Polyester resin

What are the properties of PR

-good electrical insulator

-hard

What is PR used for?

encapsulation, boat hulls and Glass Reinforced plastic

Is ER a thermoforming or thermosetting polymer?

Thermosetting

What is ER?

Epoxy resin

What are the properties of epoxy resin

-Good strength to wieght ratio

-hard

-brittle

-durable

-heat resistant

-good electrical insulator

-rigid

-clear

-tough

chemical and corrosion resistant

What is epoxy resin used for?

-bonding waterproof coatings

-electronic circcuit boards

Is PF a thermoforming or thermosetting polymer?

thermosetting

What is PF

Phenol formaldehyde

What are the properties of PF

-heat-resistant

-good electrical insulator

What is PF used for?

Heat-resistant handles, electrical components, snooker balls

Is MF a thermoforming or thermosetting polymer?

Thermosetting

What is MF?

Melamine formaldehyde

What are the properties of MF?

-lightweight

hard but brittle

-good resistance to heat, chemicals and moisture

What is MF used for?

worktops, surfaces, flat packed furniture, kitchenware

Is UF a thermoforming or thermosetting polymer?

Thermosetting

What is UF

Urea formaldehyde

What are the properties of UF

-Hard

-heat-resistant

-electrical insulator

-brittle

-tough

-chemical resistant

What is UF used for?

electrical fittings, toilet seats, adhesives for bonding, particle boards, decorative laminates

What is Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP)?

-a composite of glass fibres and polymer resin

-Lower cost and more accessible manufacturing methods than carbon fibre reinforced plastic.

Resin makes it tough and lightweight, glass fibres provide rigidity

What are the categories of textiles?

-natural fibres

-synthetic fibres

-blended fibres

What are natural fibres?

Fibres that come from animals or plant sources and are renewable

Examples of natural fibres

cotton, silk, wool

What is cotton?

a fibre sourced from cotton plants

What are the properties of cotton?

soft

strong

absorbent

breathable

Durable

easy to care for but can shrink

has poor elasticity.

It washes and takes dye well

What are the uses of cotton?

range of clothing, towels, bed sheets

What are the properties of silk?

Soft

Fine

Lightweight

Smooth

Drapes well

Delicate

Expensive

Natural shine due to its triangular structure

What are the uses of silk?

luxury clothing

wall hangings

night clothes

underwear

dresses

shirts

ties

What is silk?

a fabric sourced from silkworm cocoons

What is wool?

A fibre sourced from sheep, goats, rabbits and camelids

What are the properties of wool?

good insulation

absorbent

warm

good elasticity

crease resistant

water resistant

flame resistant

resists soiling

durable

What are the uses of wool?

jumpers, coats, suits, blankets and carpets

What are synthetic fibres?

fibres made from chemically produced polymers

Examples of synthetic fibres?

polyester, acrylic, nylon, lycra

What are the properties of nylon?

strong and hardwearing, resists creasing

What are the uses of nylon?

rope, webbing, parachutes, sportswear, umbrellas

What are the properties of elastane (Lycra)?

strong, smooth, and elastic or stretchy. retains its shape and quick drying

What are the uses of Lycra?

sportswear, swimwear, surgical supports

What are the properties of polyester?

tough, strong, hard-wearing, non-absorbent

What are the uses of polyester?

fleece, baackpacks, threads, sportswear

What are blended fibres?

when two or more types of fibre are conbined to produce a fabric with useful properties

Example of blended fibres

polycotton

What are the properties of polycotton?

Durable and stronger than pure cotton. reduces creaasing

What are the uses of polycotton?

clothing and bed sheets

What is woven cloth?

cloth made up of yarns which are threaded 90 degrees to each other

What is plain weave?

the simplest weave structure in which two sets of yarns at right angles to each other pass alternately over and under each other to form the maximum number of interlacings

What are the properties of plain weave?

strong, hard-wearing, retains shape. even surface on both sides

What are the uses of plain weave?

tablecloths, upholstery, clothing

What are non-woven fabrics?

fabrics made directly from fibres without being spun into yarns

Examples of non-woven fabrics?

Bonded fabric and felted fabric

What are the properties of bonded fabric?

they lack strength, they have no grain so they can be cut in any direction and do not fray

What are the uses of bonded fabric?

disposable hygienic clothing, cloths, teabags

What are the properties of felted fabric?

It can be formed with moisture and heat. Once dry, it has no elasticity and can be pulled apart

What are the uses of felted fabric?

hats, handicrafts, protective pads

What is knitting?

A technique of interlocking yarn loops together to produce a fabric. used form jumpers, socks, tights and soft toys

What is weft knitting?

made by hand or machine using a single yarn that forms interlocking loops across the width of the fabric. stretchy and can lose its shape

What is warp knitting?

made by a machine which forms interlocking vertical loops. it is less stretchy, so it holds shape better

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