FSHN 3600 - Exam 2 - Lipids

Lipogenesis

Making fatty acids endogenously.

Lipogenesis occurs in the ___ state.

fed

What is the key substrate in lipogenesis?

Citrate

What is the key hormone in lipogenesis?

Insulin 

What are the key enzymes involved in lipogenesis?

Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACC) and Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS)

In the cell, where does lipogenesis occur?

Cytosol

What organ does lipogenesis mainly occur in?

Liver

Can TGs have different FAs attached?

Yes, TGs can be made of different chain length FAs attached to the same glycerol head. Saturation degree can also differ.

VLDLs

Transports endogenously synthesized TGs to tissues and contains more lipids than protein.

LDL

Cholesterol rich and carry excess cholesterol to tissues.

HDL

Synthesized in liver and brings excess cholesterol back to the liver, more protein than lipids.

Once newly packaged FAs are esterified into TGs, they are packaged into a ____ which enters circulation.

chylomicron

LPL

Lipid specific enzyme on cells, hydrolyzes ester bond so FAs are free to enter the cell.

They are re-esterified into TGs in the cell.

As the VLDL drops of TGs at cells, the concentration of cholesterol in the lipoprotein increases, now it’s called a ___ which will go back to liver for degradation.

LDL

Lipolysis

Breakdown of lipids.

Lipolysis occurs in the ___ state.

Fasted

Key hormone of lipolysis

Glucagon

Key enzyme of lipolysis

Hormone sensitive lipase

What tissue does lipolysis occur in?

Breakdown in adipose, using it for energy in muscle.

FAs can only cross into mito membrane by ___ and the transporter is called ___ ___ ___.

Carnitine, carnitine palmityl transferase (CPT)

For every 2 C unit that is cleaved off a FA, __ NADH and __ FADH2 is produced.

1,1

What organ does cholesterol synthesis occur in?

Liver