Lab Animal Management Exam 2

Which animal source provides animals with a verifiable health status from birth?

Class A

Why is the health status of the animal at the time of purchase important?

you minimize the introduction of of unknown or unwanted variables when you know the health status at the time of purchase

An animal with an unknown, uncontrolled variety and number of microorganisms is called:

conventional

Axenic is a term for an animal which has a microbiological status which is:

germ-free

What does SPF stand for?

specific pathogen free

Which of the following outlines the regulations for transports of animals used in research?

AWA (animal welfare act)

Which of the following is not required to be written on the cage card for the animal?

age and weight

What are some purposes of quarantine?

apply permanent ID (if applicable), acclimation period, and verifying the health status

Quarantine rooms should be maintained under what conditions?

negative pressure, biocontainment barriers

What is the acclimation period?

stress recovery and adjustment to husbandry and environment

During what period will conditioning occur?

quarantine

The typical quarantine period for the average healthy animal is:

72 hours

What does IP mean?

intraperitoneal

True or false: All animals must enter quarantine upon arrival to a new facility or before moving to a new study at the same facility.

true

What sign would indicate that barbering is occurring?

alopecia with healthy skin

Porphyrin staining is an indication of what in rodents?

stress, disease, or injury

The direct sentinel program places animals into which location?

a shared microenvironment with each individual animal on the study

An acceptable method of euthanasia is one which:

The method consistently causes rapid death.

Hypoxia causes euthanasia by what method?

inadequate supply of oxygen to tissues and cells

Hypoxia is not an appropriate method of euthanasia for what species?

reptiles, diving ducks/mammals, and amphibians

What method of euthanasia would be best for a group of animals?

gaseous agents

Adjunctive methods are those which can only be used when:

animals are unconscious, anesthetized, or or insentient

What route is considered adjunctive for administration of of chemical agents for euthanasia?

IC (intracardiac)

Sodium phenobarbital is the most common agent for which category of euthanaisa?

chemical agents

What is MS-222?

a topical agent used for euthanaisa

MS - 222 is commonly used for euthanasia in which species?

amphibians and fish

What compressed gas is commonly used for euthanasia?

carbon dioxide

Adjunctive agents are most commonly used for which of the following purposes?

to confirm death in animals that are hard assess

What is a sentinel?

animals used to detect foreign agents in animals on a study

True or false: isolation is for animals that get sick on a study.

true

True or false: it is less stressful to euthanize animals in a foreign cage that is unknown to them.

false- in home cage if possible

Should you fill the chamber with gas before placing an animal in the chamber to euthanize it? why or why not/

no- it is more stressful for the animal and can contaminate the environment/be dangerous to personnel

The euthanasia procedure is not complete until you do what?

verify death

How should you move the decimal to convert liters to mililiters?

3 places to the right

If you have a rat weighing 550 grams, how many kg is this?

0.55 kg

How do you convert Fahrenheit to Celsius?

Subtract 32 from temperature, and divide by 1.8.

What is the purpose of performing a dilution?

Measure, administer, and absorb correctly for the patient.

The expression for your dilution is 1:50. How many parts of sterile saline do I need for this dilution?

49

During which step in experimental design will you state your hypothesis?

step 2: design the experiment

Unwanted variables are problematic if they occur during the study because:

data analysis may be compromised and results altered

Your study is not complete until what?

you report your findings

What is favoritism?

Bias in a study caused by handling and interacting differently with animals on the same study.

True or false: changes or differences in husbandry or macroenvironment for animals on the same study can introduce unwanted variables

true

What are genes made of?

DNA

What is the term for fertilized ovum?

zygote

What is an example of a cell type does not have paired chromosomes?

ovocytes

What is the period of time when a female animal is sexually receptive?

estrus

Breeding animals for desired characteristics, where these animals share a common ancestor is called what?

line breeding

What is the scientific name for the common laboratory mouse?

Mus musculus

How long after mating can mucous plugs remain in the rodent's vagina?

24 hours

What is the term when a mouse chews the hair off its cage mates?

barbering

When is toe clipping usually performed for identification?

with neonates, with IACUC approval

How long is gestation period for non-lactating female mice?

19-21 days

In addition to having no hair, what is another characteristic of nude mice?

they have a deficiency in their immune system

What is an example of an acceptable euthanasia method for mice?

barbituate overdose

What parasite can be detected using the perianal tape test?

syphacia

What inbred strain of mice have a genetic predisposition to ulcerative dermatitis?

C57BL/6

What is the scientific name for the laboratory rat?

rattus norvegicus

Which rat stock is known as the "hooded rat"?

Long-Evans

The front teeth of rats grow continuously throughout their lives are called what?

incisors

Rat pups are weaned at how many days of age?

20-21

What is not considered a sign of illness or distress in a rat?

sleeping during the day

What method of euthanasia would not be acceptable in an adult rat weighing more than 200 grams?

cervical dislocation

Which two mating systems are commonly used in rats?

polygamous and monogamous

Ring tail is a condition of rats that can occur when the humidity is:

less than 20%

What is the scientific name for the syrian or golden hamster (most common one used in research)?

Mesocricetus auratus

What is not an appropriate method of handling hamsters?

holding the base of the tail

Which antibiotic should never be used in hamsters?

penicillin

What is a characteristic of hamsters?

They hibernate when the temperature drops. (below 41 degrees F)

What is an anatomical feature of hamsters?

Expandable cheek pouches

If an animal is gnotobiotic, what does that mean?

defined flora; very small numbers of known microrganisms are present

What should you do when receiving animals at a facility?

-copy all shipping and receiving records

-verify that the contents of each container matches the paperwork you receive upon arrival

-disinfect the outside of all containers

When does acclimation occur?

during quarantine

What information is required on a cage card?

-PI

-Protocol

-Species

-Strain

-Vendor/source

What does enteral mean as far as drug administration?

orally or rectally (using the GI tract)

What does parenteral mean as far as drug administration?

routes that don't involve GI tract (basically everything except rectally or orally)

What is porphyrin staining and what causes it?

it is the reddish discharge that will be around the eyes and nose; it usually indicates stress, illness, or injury

What animals display porphyrin staining?

rats and mice

What animals are typically used as sentinels?

rats and mice

What is an indirect sentinel program?

placed into a separate yet identical microenvironment designed to stimulate the exact conditions of the colony's microenvironment

Isolation rooms should be maintained under what conditions?

biocontainment (negative pressure)

What are the three main categories of euthanasia?

acceptable, acceptable with conditions, and unacceptable (be able to explain what this means)

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using inhalants for euthanasia?

advantages: can be used for groups

disadvantages: less safe for personnel

What euthanizing agent would be least appropriate for an animal that can survive for long periods of time in a hypoxic state?

gaseous agents

What are the advantages for using a physical method of euthanasia?

prevent contamination of the animal's tissues with a chemical or gaseous agent that may interfere with results if tissue samples are needed

Which gaseous agent is preferred for euthanasia use?

isoflurane

Is introduction of an air embolism an acceptable for of euthanasia?

no

Is thoracic compression always an acceptable form of euthanasia?

no (only if animal is unconscious or anesthesized)

Are pithing and exsanguination always considered to be unacceptable?

no- they are adjunctive but the animal must by unconscious/unable to perceive pain

What are several way a vet tech can introduce unwanted variables?

-mixing/exchanging strains

-improper animal ID

-errors in weighing/medicating

-incorrect recording of data

-variation in husbandry

-noise

-favoritism

What are the steps of experimental design?

1. identify the question

2. design an experiment/ hypothesis

3. design and submit IACUC approval (if you need animals)

4. conduct the study and collect the data

5. analyze your data and draw conclusions

6. write your report

What is a genotype?

how the genes code information for the body's structures

What is a phenotype?

how the body's individual characteristics appear

What is a genetically engineered rodent?

genes manipulate in a lab and transferred to a rodent using different methods

What are the types of genetically engineered rodents?

-transgenic= new genes

-knockout= altered gene that has been designed to turn off a specific trait

-knockin= new DNA that has been inserted to change the expression of a specific gene

What is an NSG mouse?

NOD scid gamma; very immunodeficient so ideal candidate for taking on a wide variety of DNA for various studies

What is parity?

number of times a female has been pregnant and produced viable offspring

What do you look for to see if copulation has occurred in rodents?

a vaginal plug

What is the Bruce Effect?

introduction of a strange male within 24 hours of mating prevents implantation in bred females and estrus occurs in about 4 days

What is the Vandenburg effect?

presence of unrelated adult male causes acceleration of puberty in female rats