Laatste dingetjes PMCO

emic perspective

tries to understand how people see their own culture

etic perspective

focuses on how outsiders describe the culture

→ difficult because you have to know the emic perspective and get rid of an ethnocentric attitude

Hall talks about

• space: proxemics

• time: sequential/synchronic

• context: high vs low

Hofstede

• power distance

• feminine/masculin

• time: short vs long term

• risk avoidance

tight culture

norms, values, and behaviour are consistent among people

loose culture

variations around norms are permitted

managers can modify culture

• determine what leaders pay attention to

• determine how leaders react to incidents

• deliberate role modleing

• determine how leaders allocate rewards

• determine how leaders recruit and fire

model of transimission

we have innate biological factors, but our behaviours and attitudes are shaped by our environment

black box in HRM

gap between inteded policies and actual performance

wright and nishii

1. intended HR practices

2. actual HR practices

3. how employees perceive practices

4. employee reactions

5. employee outcome

hierarchical (dis)advantages

• quick decision-making

• clarity of authority

• limited voice for those ‘lower’

• rigid managers

• expectation of omniscience

egalitarian (dis)advantages

• participatory engagement

• operational efficiency

• voluntary commitment

• social equity

• slower consensus-building

• ambiguity of authority