oxidation of alcohols - chem exam 3
Call Kai
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
Flashcards
Knowt Play1/19
There's no tags or description
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced | Call with Kai |
|---|
No analytics yet
Send a link to your students to track their progress
20 Terms
Q: What happened in the 1937 Elixir Sulfanilamide incident?
A: A drug was dissolved in diethylene glycol (to make it taste better), which poisoned over 100 people
Q: Why was this incident important?
A: It led to stricter drug safety laws in the U.S. (FDA regulation)
Q: Why is diethylene glycol toxic?
A: It is metabolized into toxic compounds that damage organs, especially kidneys
Q: Symptoms of diethylene glycol poisoning?
Nausea and vomiting
Kidney failure
Nervous system damage
Death (in severe cases)
Q: What is a primary alcohol?
A: OH group attached to a carbon bonded to 1 other carbon
Q: What is a secondary alcohol?
A: OH group attached to a carbon bonded to 2 carbons
Q: What is a tertiary alcohol?
A: OH group attached to a carbon bonded to 3 carbons
Q: What happens during oxidation (general)?
More bonds to oxygen are formed
Bonds to hydrogen are broken
Q: What is an oxidizing agent?
A: A substance that causes oxidation (accepts electrons)
Q: What is formed when a primary alcohol is carefully oxidized?
A: An aldehyde
Q: What is formed when a primary alcohol is fully oxidized?
A: A carboxylic acid
Q: What is formed when a secondary alcohol is oxidized?
A: A ketone
Q: Why can’t tertiary alcohols be oxidized?
A: No hydrogen on the OH-bearing carbon → cannot form double bond to oxygen
Q: Why is methanol dangerous?
A: Converted into toxic formaldehyde and formic acid → damages optic nerve and organs
Q: Why is ethylene glycol dangerous?
A: Metabolized into acids that damage kidneys
Q: Why can ethanol treat methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning?
A: It competes for the same enzyme, slowing formation of toxic metabolites
Q: What is Antizol (fomepizole)?
A: A drug that blocks the enzyme that converts toxic alcohols into harmful compounds
Q: What bonds are formed during oxidation?
A: Bonds to oxygen
Q: What bonds are broken during oxidation?
A: Bonds to hydrogen
Q: Why are tertiary alcohols resistant to oxidation?
A: They lack a hydrogen on the carbon with the OH group