Diathesis-Stress Model & Stress Response: Psychology and Health

What is the core premise of the Diathesis-Stress Model?

Psychological disorders develop from a combination of long-term vulnerability (diathesis) and immediate triggers (stress).

What are three common predisposing factors (diathesis) in the Diathesis-Stress Model?

Genetics, personality, and early life experiences.

What are three common precipitating factors (stress) in the Diathesis-Stress Model?

Trauma, life events, and acute stress.

According to the Diathesis-Stress Model, when does a disorder actually manifest?

When the combination of vulnerability and stress crosses a specific threshold.

How does chronic stress contribute to weight gain?

Stress increases cortisol, which boosts appetite, triggers cravings for high-fat/sugar foods, and promotes abdominal fat storage.

Why does the body promote fat storage during chronic stress?

The body perceives stress as a survival threat and attempts to store energy for future use.

What are the three stages of General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?

1. Alarm stage, 2. Resistance stage, 3. Exhaustion stage.

What occurs during the Alarm stage of GAS?

The fight-or-flight response is activated and adrenaline levels increase.

What characterizes the Resistance stage of GAS?

The body attempts to adapt to the stressor while cortisol levels remain elevated.

What happens during the Exhaustion stage of GAS?

The body's resources are depleted, leading to an increased risk of illness.

What does the SAM system stand for and what is its primary function?

Sympathetic-Adreno-Medullary system; it handles the immediate, short-term stress response.

What hormones are released by the SAM system?

Adrenaline and norepinephrine.

What does the HPA axis stand for and what is its primary function?

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis; it handles the longer-lasting stress response.

What hormone is primarily released by the HPA axis?

Cortisol.

What is the key difference between the SAM system and the HPA axis?

The SAM system provides a fast, short-term response, while the HPA axis provides a slow, long-term response.

What is the 'freeze response' in the context of stress?

A state where the body becomes immobile or unable to act in response to a perceived threat.

Which individuals are more likely to experience the freeze response?

People with high trauma exposure, chronic stress, or anxiety/PTSD.

What is 'allostatic load'?

The cumulative 'wear and tear' on the body resulting from chronic stress.

What are the long-term health effects of high allostatic load?

A weakened immune system, increased disease risk, and various mental and physical health problems.