CHA 101L - Quiz 3 (2 out of 5)

Body

Pedicles

Lamina

Vertebral foramen

Transverse processes

Superior articular processes

Inferior articular processes

Vertebral column articular facets

Spine (spinous process)

Absence of the body on the atlas

Cervical (C1)

Presence of the dens on the axis

Cervical (C2)

Cervical

Transverse foramina and small bodies (C3-C7)

Thoracic

Articular (costal) facets for ribs on the transverse processes and demifacets on the bodies

"Giraffe"

Lumbar

Large bodies and thick processes

Sacral

Fused, sacral foramina and sacral hiatus

Coccygeal

Rudimentary vertebrae, may be fused

What passes through the transverse foramina in the cervical vertebrae?

Vertebral a. and v., Sympathetic n.

What passes through the vertebral canal?

Spinal cord

Primary curvatures

Thoracic and Sacral/Coccygeal - Present at birth

Secondary curvatures

Cervical and lumbar - Present after birth

Kyphosis

Excessive thoracic curvature (hunchback)

Lordosis

Excessive lumbar curvature (Pregnant women)

Scoliosis

Excessive lateral curvature

Annulus fibrosus

Nucleus pulposus

What happens when the nucleus pulposus herniates posteriorly or posterolaterally?

Compresses spinal n. at 11 and 1 o'clock, Common in lumbar region

What structure largely prevents anterior herniation of the intervertebral discs?

Anterior longitudinal ligaments

Posterior is NOT as strong/robust

Function of annulus fibrosus

Prevents herniation of nucleus pulposus; Rotational stability, resist compression

Function of nucleus pulpous

Distributes pressure evenly across vertebral discs (aqueous); Shock absorption of spine

Spinal curvature (Posterior)

Cervical curvature - Concave

Thoracic curvature - Convex

Lumbar curvature - Concave

Sacral curvature - Convex