Klebshiella (nosocomial infections/ hospital acquired disease)

Klebsiella pneumoniae

• recognized as a pathogen in animals.

• notorious for causing nosocomial infections in both human and animal patients due to its ability to acquire multiple antibiotic resistances and its prevalence in hospital settings.

Morphology of klebshiella pneumoniae

• a Gram-negative, non-sporeforming, heavily encapsulated rod, measuring 0.3 to 1.0 µm in width and 0.6 to 6.0 µm in length.

• It is non-flagellated, which affects its motility and colonization capabilities.

Klebshiella Culture

Grows well on commonly used laboratory media, producing moist, spreading, glistening, and very viscid colonies

Capsule production

is enhanced in carbohydrate-rich media, which is crucial for its virulence.

Klebshiella is negative

in the methyl red (MR) test

Klebshiella is positive

in the Voges-Proskauer (VP) test.

Lactose positivity in Klebshiella

is often plasmid-encoded, indicating genetic variability among strains.

Antigenic Structure of Klebshiella pneumoniae

has at least 82 capsular types and 11 O antigens, with the K type being used for serologic typing.

The K antigen

is a heat-stable polysaccharide composed of charged monosaccharides, primarily glucuronic acid, along with other sugars like galactose and fucose.

Klebsiella pneumoniae is found in

an intestinal commensal, _____ is also found in the environment, particularly in wood shavings, which can lead to mastitis in cattle.

use of antibiotics For klebshiella

is a major predisposing factor for infections, as invasive strains can resist serum bactericidal factors.

Mares

can carry Klebsiella in their reproductive tracts, leading to vaginal discharge, metritis, infertility, and abortion.

Clinical Manifestations For Klebshiella pneumoniae

is an important etiological agent of coliform mastitis in cattle, leading to acute or peracute forms of mastitis characterized by hyperemia, edema, and reduced milk secretion.

Symptoms Of Klebshiella

include high fever, which may lead to fatal endotoxic shock if not treated promptly.

Klebshiella cab cause

mastitis in sows and pneumonia in goats

Klebshiella Diagnosis

can be made through the observation of a heavily encapsulated appearance in smears and mucoid colonies on agar plates.

For detecting uterine infections in mares

tampons left in place for 10 minutes are more effective than simple swabbing. (Klebshiella)

Klebsiella pneumoniae is resistant to

ampicillin and carbenicillin but may show susceptibility to certain antimicrobials effective against E. coli.

Cephalexin

Klebsiella pneumoniae’s effective treatment for canine urinary tract infections.