AP Computer Science Key Terms

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33 Terms

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variable

a named storage location that holds changeable data

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data type

a classification of data such as integer, string, float, or boolean

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integer

a whole number

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float

a number with a decimal point

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list

a collection of elements stored in a single variablei

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index

the position of an element in a list, usually starting 0

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element

an individual item in a list

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data abstraction

managing complexity by using data structures to represent information

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bit

a single binary digit (0 or 1)

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byte

a group of 8 bits

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binary number system

base 2 number system, 0s and 1s

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overflow error

when a number is too large to be represented with the available bits

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round-off error

when the computer rounds a value that is different from the exact value since it cannot be stored with the available memory

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lossy compression

reduces file size by permanently removing some data

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audio, video, & pictures

What do you use lossy compression for?

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loseless compression

reduces file size without losing any data

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text, zip, and high quality files

What do you use lossless compression for?

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metadata

data that describes other data

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creation date, author, file format, file size, etc

What is included in metadata?

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Algorithm

a fine set of step-by-step instructions designed to accomplish a specific task

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sequencing

executing instructions in a specific order

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selection

using conditional statements to choose different outputs

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iteration

repeating a set of instructions using loops

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condition

a boolean expression that is true or false

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boolean

a data type that can only have two values: true or false

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expression

a combination of variables, values, and operators that evaluates to a value

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procedure/function

a named set of instructions that preforms a specific task

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parameter

a variable in a function definition that receives a value

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argument

the actual value passed through a function when it is called

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return value

the value a function sends back to the part of the program that called it

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abstraction

reducing complexity by focusing on relevant details/generalizing a program

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procedural abstraction

using functions to hide the details of how a task is performed

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implementation

the actual code that carries out an algorithm

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