ALL OF HISTORY + WOMEN

combined history notes

women in early colonies

held equal roles as men for survival.

late colonies-puritan women

puritan minister taught men were superior to women and that they had no political rights.

Ann Hutchinson

challenged puritan view of women and was expelled from colony.

Republican Motherhood

A women's role of educating children at home becomes important along with women being educated themselves.

Abigal Adams

wife of John Adams and strong advocate for women’s rights, created “Remember the ladies” letter

Seneca falls convention

First women's rights convention held in New York in 1848 planned by Elizabeth Stanton and Lucretia Mott

Declaration of sentiments

most important factor in spreading the news about the women's rights movement, signed at SFC

Women in the Abolitionist Movement

Some of the strongest voices and most active in the movement to abolish slavery, important because we start to see women have more of a political voice.

Susan B Anthony

activist who led womens suffrage movement and founded “the revolution” news paper

1920 Flappers

women challenging traditional Victorian ways by dressing and behaving differently in flapper outfits

post-war belief of women

women were expected to leave jobs after war

womens movement in 1960’s

inspired by civil rights movement made up of members of middle class

The Feminine Mystique

published by Betty Friedan describing the dissatisfaction felt by middle-class housewives and roles society put on them

Equal pay act (1963)

First federal law prohibiting sexual discrimination and abolished wage differences based on sex

Title VII Civil Rights Act (1964)

banned discrimination in employment on the basis of race and sex

Equal employment opportunity commission (EEOC)

investigated complaints and imposed penalties in job discrimination

National Organization for Women (NOW)

largest U.S women’s rights group founded by feminist wanting to end sexual discrimination in workplaces by using legislative lobbying, litigation, and public demonstrations, led by Betty Freedman

Isolationism

Policy of avoiding alliances or involvement in foreign wars

Lusitania

British passenger ship sunk by a German submarine in 1915

Sussex Pledge

Germany's promise to stop attacking passenger ships without warning

Zimmermann Note

German message proposing Mexico ally with Germany against the U.S.

Selective Service Act

U.S. law that created the draft during World War I

War Industries Board

Government agency that coordinated industrial production during WWI

Espionage Act

Law that punished people who interfered with the military or war effort

Sedition Act

Law that limited speech criticizing the government or war effort

Victory Gardens

Gardens planted by civilians to help grow food during wartime

Wilson's Fourteen Points

Woodrow Wilson's plan for peace including self-determination and the League of Nations

Neutrality Act of 1935

Law intended to keep the United States out of foreign wars

Cash and Carry

Policy allowing countries to buy weapons if they paid cash and transported them themselves

Lend-Lease Act

Law allowing Allied nations to borrow or lease military supplies from the U.S.

America First Committee

Isolationist group opposed to U.S. involvement in WWII

Rosie the Riveter

Cultural symbol representing women working in factories during WWII

Executive Order 9066

Order allowing the internment of Japanese Americans during WWII

Navajo Code Talkers

Native American Marines who used Navajo language as an unbreakable code

Zoot Suit Riots

Violent clashes in Los Angeles between servicemen and Mexican American youth

D-Day

Allied invasion of Nazi-occupied France on June 6, 1944

Battle of the Bulge

Last major German offensive in WWII fought in Belgium

Battle of Midway

Naval battle that stopped Japanese expansion in the Pacific

V-E Day

Day celebrating Germany's surrender in World War II

Pearl Harbor

Japanese attack on the U.S. naval base that brought the U.S. into WWII

Nye Committee

Investigation that found war industries profited from World War I

Executive Order 8802

Order banning racial discrimination in defense industries- effects of double V campain

Double V Campaign

Movement encouraging victory against fascism abroad and racism at home

Bracero Program

Program allowing Mexican laborers to work temporarily in the United States

Yalta Conference

Meeting where Allied leaders planned Germany's defeat and postwar division

Tehran Conference

Meeting where Allied leaders planned the strategy to defeat Germany

Potsdam Conference

Meeting after Germany's surrender to decide postwar policies

Hiroshima

Japanese city where the first atomic bomb was dropped

Nagasaki

Japanese city where the second atomic bomb was dropped

V-J Day

Day marking Japan's surrender and the end of WWII

Rationing

Limiting consumer goods so resources could support the military

Philip Randolph

Civil rights leader who pushed for an end to discrimination in defense jobs

Destroyers for Bases

Deal trading U.S. warships to Britain in exchange for military bases

Civil Rights

Rights guaranteed to all citizens, especially equal treatment under the law

Civil Rights Movement

A movement in the 1950s-1960s to end segregation and discrimination against African Americans

Plessy v. Ferguson

Supreme Court case that allowed segregation under 'separate but equal'

Jim Crow Laws

Laws that enforced racial segregation in the South

De Jure Segregation

Segregation by law

De Facto Segregation

Segregation by custom or practice, not law

Disenfranchisement

Taking away the right to vote (poll taxes, literacy tests)

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)

Group that used nonviolent protest to fight racial discrimination

1948 Executive Order 9981

Order by Harry S. Truman ending segregation in the military

NAACP

Organization that fought discrimination through court cases

Thurgood Marshall

Lawyer who argued Brown v. Board and became first Black Supreme Court Justice

Brown v. Board of Education

Case that ruled school segregation unconstitutional

14th Amendment

Amendment guaranteeing equal protection under the law

Little Rock Nine

9 Black students who integrated a high school in Arkansas with federal help

Emmett Till

Teen whose murder drew attention to racism in the South

Rosa Parks

Woman who refused to give up her bus seat, sparking protest

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Year-long protest against segregated buses

Martin Luther King Jr.

Leader who used nonviolent protest for equality

Sit-Ins

Peaceful protests sitting at segregated places

Freedom Rides

Bus rides to challenge segregation in the South

March on Washington

1963 protest where MLK gave 'I Have a Dream' speech

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Law ending segregation in public places and banning discrimination

Kerner Commission

Group that studied causes of race riots and inequality

Malcolm X

Leader who promoted Black empowerment and self-defense

Black Panthers

Group focused on self-defense and helping Black communities

Significant Gains in Civil Rights

Laws and progress that improved equality and voting rights

Smith Act

A law that made it illegal to support or teach overthrowing the U.S. government

House of Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)

A government group that investigated suspected communists in the U.S.

Blacklisting

Denying people jobs because they were suspected of being communist

Hollywood Ten

A group of 10 film industry members who refused to testify and were jailed

Executive Order 9835 (Loyalty Order)

Order to check federal employees for loyalty to the U.S.

Alger Hiss

Government official accused of spying for the Soviet Union

Rosenbergs

Couple executed for passing atomic secrets to the Soviet Union

Joseph McCarthy / McCarthyism

Time of fear when people were accused of being communists without proof

Space Race

Competition between the U.S. and Soviet Union to explore space

Domino Theory

Idea that if one country became communist, nearby countries would too

Civil War in China

War that ended with a communist victory in China in 1949

Korean War (Proxy War)

War between North and South Korea supported by larger powers

Bay of Pigs Invasion

Failed U.S. attempt to overthrow Cuba's leader

Cuban Missile Crisis

Tense standoff over nuclear missiles in Cuba

Vietnam War

War between communist North Vietnam and non-communist South Vietnam

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Gave the president power to expand the Vietnam War

INF Treaty

Agreement to eliminate certain nuclear weapons

End of the Cold War

Collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991

Truman Doctrine

Policy to support countries fighting communism

Containment Policy

Strategy to stop the spread of communism

Marshall Plan

U.S. program to rebuild European economies