Unit 24 - Bacterial Diseases

What is Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS)

Group A streptococcus

Gram-Positive bacterium

Causative agent of strep throat

How does scarlet fever build? (5)

Exotoxin —> T-Cell recruitment and activation —> T-Cell Cytokines —> Macrophage and Neutrophil —> Tissue Damage

Untreated strep throat leads to what?

Necrotizing fasciitis

Rheumatic fever leads to damage of what organ?

Heart

What is Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) [2]

Gram-positive bacterium

Causative agent of tuberculosis (TB)

Tubercles destroy what?

Lung tissue

What is Staphylococcus aureus?

Gram-positive bacterium

Normal member of skin/respiratory tract microbiota

What is leukocidin

Degrades leukocytes —> pus

Nosocomial infections + Antibiotic overuse = what

MRSA

STIs are what?

Pathogens only found in urogenital tracts

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is what? (2)

Gram negative bacterium

Causative agent of gonorrhea

Female symptoms of gonorrhea

Often asymptomatic, pain/sterility

Male symptoms of gonorrhea

Infection of urethral canal; painful urination and pus discharge

If there is neisseria in the birth canal, what is done to the infant?

Erythromycin ointment applied to eyes

What are disease vectors?

Living carriers of pathogens

What is borrelia burgdorferi

• Causitive agent of Lyme disease

• Gram-negative spirochete

What is the reservoir for borrelia burgdorferi?

Field mice

What is the vector for borrelia burgdorferi?

Deer tick

Treatment for lyme disease

Early: Oral antibiotics 20-30 days

Late: Intravenous antibiotics (blood-brain barrier)

What is Yersinia pestis

Causative agent of plague

Gram-negative bacterium

Carrier of yersinia pestis

Rodents

Vector of yersinia pestis

Flea

What are signs of the bubonic plague (3)

Swollen lymph nodes (buboes) —> Localized hemorrhaging —> Tissue necrosis

Signs of the pneumonic plague, death rate

90% likelihood of death within 48hrs

Inhalation of disease leads to sepsis then coughing bloody sputum

Soilborne diseases

Pathogens naturally found in soil

What is Bacillus anthracis (3)

Gram positive bacterium

Causative agent of anthrax

Forms hardy endospores

Is it possible to eradicate soilborne pathogens?

No

What is potable water?

Safe for human consumption, filtered with Cl₂ treatment

What is vibrio cholerate

Gram negative bacterium

Causative agent of cholera

What is the daily water loss from vibrio cholerate

20 L, severe dehydration

What is the rehydration solution from vibrio cholerate? (4)

Glucose, NaCl, NaHCO₃, and KCl

What is clostridium botulinum (3)

• Gram-positive bacterium

• Anaerobe found in soil

• Causative agent of botulism

What do antibiotics treat? Botulism or Botulinum

Botulism

What do antitoxin treat? Botulism or Botulinum

Botulinum

What is Campylobacter jejuni

Gram negative bacterium

Intestinal microbiota in poultry

What percentage of poultry carcasses contaminated with campylobacter jejuni?

90%

What is listeria monocytogenes? (3)

Gram positive bacterium

Soil and Water

Tolerant to cold

Lysteriolysin O does what?

Degrades phagosome

Treatment of listeria monocytogenes

Intravenous antibiotics