us history semester 1

bruh why is this necessary

Native Americans

The first people to live in North America

The Mayflower Compact

1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America

13 colonies

British colonies located along the Atlantic Ocean in North America

George Washington

1st President who was also Commander of the Continental Army

"Taxation without representation"

The idea that it is unfair to tax someone without giving them a voice in government

Declaration of Independence

The document asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain

John Locke

English philosopher who argued that people have natural rights

Articles of Confederation

A weak constitution that governed America during the Revolutionary War.

The Consitution

Written plan of government/ a list of laws for the nation

Federalists

Supporters of the Constitution

Anti-Federalists

People who opposed the Constitution

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the Constitution

Slavery

The condition of being owned by another person and being made to work without wages

Abolitionist

A person who wanted to end slavery

Underground Railroad

A system of secret routes used by escaping slaves to reach freedom in the North

Manifest Destiny

1800s belief that Americans had the right to spread across the continent.

Mexican-American War

The war between the United States and Mexico in which the United States acquired one half of the Mexican territory.

Abraham Lincoln

16th President of the United States who saved the Union during the Civil War and emancipated the slaves

US Civil War

The conflict between Union and confederate forces over states rights and slavery.

13th amendment

Amendment that abolished slavery

14th amendment

Amendment that declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws

15th amendment

Amendment that states citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude

Jim Crow Laws

Laws designed to enforce segregation of Black and White people

Plessy v. Ferguson

A Supreme Court decision which legalized segregation as long as the facilities for Black and White were equal

Thomas Edison

American inventor best known for inventing the electric light bulb

Monopoly

A market in which there are many buyers but only one seller.

John D. Rockefeller

Man who established the Standard Oil Company

Homestead Strike

Strike at Andrew Carnegie's steel plant in which Pinkerton detectives clashed with steel workers

Industrialization

The development of industries for the machine production of goods.

Immigration

Movement of individuals into a population

Urbanization

An increase in the number of people living in urban settlements.

Tenements

Poorly built, overcrowded housing where many immigrants lived

Sherman Antitrust Act

Law made in 1890 to ban any trust that restrained interstate trade or commerce

Capitalism

An economic system based on private property and free enterprise.

Western Expansion

America's desire of the western territories that were either not claimed or claimed by other countries

Transcontinental Railroad

Railroad connecting the west and east coasts of the continental US

Little Big Horn

Battle between Custer's Seventh Cavalry and the Sioux, Custer's Seventh was decimated

Wounded Knee

Confrontation between U.S. cavalry and Sioux that marked the end of Indian resistance

Homestead Act

Law that gave 160 acres of land to citizens willing to live on and cultivate it for five years

Progressivism

Support for or advocacy of social reform.

Populism

Support for the concerns of ordinary people

Pure Food and Drug Act

Halted the sale of contaminated foods and medicines and called for truth in labeling

WWI

A war fought from 1914 to 1918 between the Allies, notably Britain, France, Russia, and Italy (which entered in 1915), and the Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire.

Woodrow Wilson

28th President of the United States. He was unable to persuade the U.S. Congress to ratify the Treaty of Versailles or join the League of Nations.

Woodrow Wilson's 14 points

A statement of principles for peace that was to be used for peace negotiations in order to end World War I

League of Nations

An international organization formed to promote cooperation and peace among nations

The Great Migration

Movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920

Scopes Monkey Trial

The trial that pitted the teaching of Darwin's theory of evolution against teaching Bible creationism

Henry Ford

US manufacturer of automobiles who pioneered mass production

Economic boom

During this time period, people buy more, invest in business, and industries / businesses grow

Economic bust

During this time period, people buy and invent less, and businesses close, the number of more unemployed people rises. A BAD DOWNTURN IN THE ECONOMY

Herbert Hoover

31st President, promises the American people prosperity and attempted to first deal with the Depression by trying to restore public faith in the community.

Big Business

Term used to describe the corporations and monopolies since the industrial revolution of the late 1800s.

Buying on Credit

People would purchase things and make partial payments on set intervals: installment plans, led to a lot of debt

Stock Market Crash

Leading component of the Great Depression. The stock became very popular in the 1920's, then in 1929 in took a steep downturn and many lost their money and hope they had put in to the stock.

The Great Depression

The economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s

"Run" on Banks

When people suspect their banks are in trouble, they may "run" to the bank to withdraw their funds, holding more currency and less deposits

Franklin D. Roosevelt

32nd US President - He began New Deal programs to help the nation out of the Great Depression, and he was the nation's leader during most of WWII

Social Security

Federal program of disability and retirement benefits that covers most working people

Thomas Jefferson

3rd President who wrote the Declaration of Independence

John Adams

2nd President who wrote the Massachusetts guarantee that freedom of press "ought not to be restrained."