Science

A group of 2+ atoms that are chemically bonded

Compound

A group of 2+ atoms that are not chemically bonded

Mixture

A special type of bonding where atoms share electrons to become fully stable

Covelant bonding

When atoms are bonded strongly by force

Mettalic bonding

smallest unit of most compounds

Molecule

transfer of electrons

Ionic Bonding

mixtures of two or more metals

Alloys

Contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membranes.

Eukaryotic cells

do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles

Prokaryotic Cells

A table that shows the elements, their atomic number, symbol, and average atomic mass; elements with similar chemical properties are grouped together.

periodic table

A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table

periods on periodic table

a vertical row of elements in the periodic table

groups on periodic table

Makes proteins

Ribosomes

A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell

Organelles

Basic unit of life

Cells

An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur.

Mitochondria

Control center of the cell

Nucleus

groups of similar cells that perform a specific function in an organism

Tissues

A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended

Cytoplasm

organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy

Chloroplast

A structure consisting of several tissues adapted as a group to perform specific functions.

Organs

negatively charged particle

Electron

strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells

cell wall

A force of attraction between objects that is due to their masses.

Gravity

A force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact

Friction

a branch of mathematics in which calculations are made using special symbolic notations; developed by Isaac Newton

calculus

Defined the laws of motion and gravity. Tried to explain motion of the universe.

Isaac newton

the amount of matter in an object

Mass

method used to find the volume of irregular shaped objects

displacement method

The amount of space an object takes up

Volume

Change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms.

evolution

a organelle that stores water, food or other substances; plant cells have a large central vacoule

Vacoule

Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells.

digestive system

Liquid to gas

Evaporation

A change directly from the solid to the gaseous state without becoming liquid

Sublimation

gas to solid

Desublimation

Gas to liquid

Condensation

The change of state from a liquid to a solid

Freezing

The change in state from a solid to a liquid

melting

life

life

Passing of traits from parents to offspring

Heredity

the act of applying force in order to move something away

push

pulled

pull

bending of light by cornea and lens

light refraction

An instrument that makes small objects look larger

microscope

a small flat rectangular piece of glass on which specimens can be mounted for microscopic study

microscope slide

Contains a lens that magnifies about 10x

eye piece

holds the slide in position for viewing and has two adjustable knobs that control the precise movement of the slide

mechanical stage

supports the microscope

base ( microscope )

Moves the stage slightly to sharpen the image

fine adjustment knob of microscope

Moves the stage up and down for focusing

coarse adjustment knob

holds the slide on the stage

Stage clips (microscope)

A series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions.

scientific method

A testable prediction, often implied by a theory

hypothesis

are analyzed in context and aggregated and transformed to become project information during various controlling processes.

collected data

the study of matter and energy

physical science

Professions like biologists and chemists.

careers in science

Any measurable conditions, events, characteristics, or behaviors that are controlled or observed in a study.

Variables

The study of the properties of matter and how matter changes

chemistry

The study of matter and energy and the interactions between the two through forces and motion.

physics

The study of life

biology

A pure substance made of only one kind of atom

Element

information that is true or demonstrable

facts

A story that is not true or is made up

fiction

A prediction that has been formulated specifically enough so that it is clear what observations would confirm the prediction and what observations would challenge it.

testable hypothesis?

Anything that has not been proven false is assumed to be true

Non-Testable Hypothesis

German physicist who developed the theory of relativity, which states that time, space, and mass are relative to each other and not fixed.

albert einstein

Albert Einstein's ideas about the interrelationships between time and space and between energy and matter

Theory of Relativity

attractive force that acts between protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus

strong force

A force that is associated with nuclear decay and is one of the four fundamental forces

weak force

combination of structure and growth dynamics

life form

Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition

MRSGREN

Classification system

Life > Domain > Kingdom > Phylum > Class > Order > Family > Genus > Species

A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.

domain

First and largest category used to classify organisms

kingdom

Group of closely related classes

Phylum

Group of similar orders

class

Group of similar families

order

in classification, group of similar genera

family

A classification grouping that consists of a number of similar, closely related species

Genus

A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.

Species

Moral principles guiding scientific research.

Ethics in Science

material contaminated by residue from the generation of nuclear energy and weapons

radioactive material

A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

Ecosystem

The process of making new products from materials that were used in another product.

recycle

able to be used again

reusable

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions

enzymes

Nutrients the body uses to build and maintain its cells and tissues

proteins

Substances in food that your body needs to grow, to repair itself, and to supply you with energy

nutrients

the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month

embryo

the action or process of fertilizing an egg, female animal, or plant, involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote.

fertilization

used to hold liquids

beaker

To hold liquids that need to be swirled around or that have been filtered

conical flask

Used to measure volume of liquids accurately.

measuring cylinder

Holds liquids for observation or testing

test tubes

Used for heating solids and liquids

boiling tube

Holds test tubes

test tube holder

used to clean test tubes and graduated cylinders

test tube brushes

Holds test tubes

test tube rack

used to stir solutions

glass stir rod