Bacillary Hemoglobinuria - Red Water Disease

Bacillary Hemoglobinuria =

Red Water Disease

Bacillary Hemoglobinuria is an

acute, infectious, toxemic disease

Bacillary hemoglobinuria has a __ mortality

high

Bacillary hemoglobinuria is caused by

Clostridium haemolyticum

Clostridium haemolyticum =

C. novyi type D

Clostridium haemolyticum is a

soil-borne anaerobe

Clostridium haemolyticum in infected areas is found in the livers of

healthy cattle

Under anaerobic conditions, Clostridium haemolyticum grows and produces -

phospholipase C (β-toxin)

phospholipase C (β-toxin) is a ___ and __ toxin responsible for the clinical disease.

necrotoxic, hemolytic

Bacillary hemoglobinuria has been reported in what part of the US?

western

What species is most commonly involved with Red water disease?

cattle

Red water disease occurs most commonly in

summer and fall months

Red water disease is associated with pastures with occurrence of

liver fluke

The highest incidence of Red water disease occurs on

irrigated or poorly drained pastures

Red water disease spread from infected to uninfected areas by

flooding, natural drainage, or carrier animals

Proliferating C. haemolyticum produces large amounts of

beta-toxin

C. haemolyticum causes

Hemolysis, necrosis of hepatocytes, and damage to capillary endothelium

Hemoglobinuria, loss of vascular fluid into tissues and serous cavities and development of a characteristic

focal hepatic necrosis

Red water disease has an illness of __ duration, cattle at pasture may be found dead without obvious signs

short

Clinical Signs of Red Water Disease include

sudden onset, with complete cessation of rumination, feeding, lactation, and defecation

Abdominal pain is evidenced by reluctance to move and an arched-back posture. Grunting may be evident on walking

Edema of brisket

Dark red urine

Mortality of Red Water disease is up to __ in untreated animals?

95%

Characteristic lesion from Red water disease?

focal necrosis in the liver

Lesion pale, surrounded by a zone of hyperemia

Common findings on necropsy

focal necrosis of liver

Red urine in kidneys and bladder

Subcutaneous edema

Diagnosis of C. haemolyticum

FAT on impression smears from the hyperemic zone around the liver lesion

PCR test to identify toxin-producing genotypes of C. haemolyticum

Treatment of Red Water Disease

Immediate use of penicillin and tetracyclines at high doses and antitoxin serum

Supportive treatment (blood transfusions, fluids, electrolytes)

Prognosis is guarded

Method of control for Red Water disease?

A formalin-killed whole culture vaccine adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide gives good protection for a year

Remove carcass of diseased animals